{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,8]],"date-time":"2024-09-08T22:44:08Z","timestamp":1725835448191},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6973,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to examine the hypotheses that major depression is aetiologically heterogeneous consisting of a mixture of \u2018genetic\u2019 and \u2018non-genetic\u2019 forms or, alternatively, a mixture of one form that is \u2018pure\u2019 depression and another that has a familial relationship with alcohol dependency or other disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and eleven twin pairs (44 monozygotic, 67 dizygotic) where the proband had received treatment for DSM\u2013IV major depression were ascertained via a hospital register. Family history information on parents and siblings was obtained from the proband, co-twin or both. Diagnoses on parents and siblings were made blind to twin zygosity or concordance and compared in the relatives of concordant versus discordant twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lifetime prevalence and age-corrected risk of depression were no different in the relatives of concordant and discordant twin pairs. There was a marginally significant increase in the rate of alcohol abuse or dependence among the relatives of concordant twins but no difference between concordant and discordant pairs in respect of other axis I diagnosis among family members.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results argue against genetic heterogeneity and suggest that major depression cannot usefully be divided into genetic and non-genetic forms or into \u2018pure\u2019 depression and depression associated with other disorders such as alcohol dependency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.6.523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1224049202000},"page":"523-526","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Genetic and non-genetic subtypes of major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Andrew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"McGuffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref12","first-page":"286","article-title":"Sporadic schizophrenia \u2013 another male preserve?","volume":"II","author":"Hurray","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(96)00091-2"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035042"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790230022003"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90062-5"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810100009002"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830020047006"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref16","volume-title":"The Genetics of Mood Disorders","author":"Tsuang","year":"1990"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700020432"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800030032003"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref3","volume-title":"Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle","author":"Gottesman","year":"1982"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref9","first-page":"26","volume-title":"The biology of Depression","author":"McGuffin","year":"1986"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref14","first-page":"392","article-title":"Genetics of neurotic depression","volume":"42","author":"Slater","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050025"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800050019002"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref13","volume-title":"The Genetics of Mental Disorder","author":"Slater","year":"1971"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(91)90016-4"},{"key":"S000712500015175X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820230054003"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S000712500015175X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T19:45:03Z","timestamp":1557517503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S000712500015175X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S000712500015175X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.173.6.523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,12]]}}}