{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:35:56Z","timestamp":1772192156098,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6941,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia are characterised by numerous psychiatric and behavioural changes. Little is known of their natural history.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the sequence and pattern of these changes throughout the course of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred people, initially living at home with carers, entered a prospective, longitudinal study. At four-monthly intervals, behavioural and psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Present Behavioural Examination and Mini-Mental State Examination. Follow-up continued for up to nine years (mean 3.3 years; s.d. 2.4). Patterns of onset and disappearance of these symptoms, their sequence and association with time of death and cognitive decline were analysed. Autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pure Alzheimer's disease in 48 subjects. Data for this subgroup are presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some changes tend to occur earlier than others but changes can occur at almost any time in the course of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The natural history of behaviour changes in Alzheimer's disease shows great individual variation although some changes tend to follow a recognisable sequence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.1.39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]],"date-time":"2008-10-15T05:41:36Z","timestamp":1224049296000},"page":"39-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Natural history of behavioural changes and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Tony","family":"Hope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Keene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Fairburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Jacoby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"McShane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199711)12:11<1062::AID-GPS675>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830150083012"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/appe.1996.0061"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.9.1136","article-title":"The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia","volume":"139","author":"Reisberg","year":"1982","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.6.P362"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.1.M49"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.12.2300"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref14","first-page":"9","article-title":"Behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: phenomenology and treatment","volume":"48","author":"Reisberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02012.x"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref17","first-page":"162","article-title":"Predicting aberrant behavior in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"9","author":"Swearer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioural Neurology"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540180063015"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.2.127"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700032888"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199711)12:11<1074::AID-GPS696>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7076.266"},{"key":"S0007125000151992_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.4.479"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000151992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T19:22:32Z","timestamp":1557516152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000151992\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["A longitudinal study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000151992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.174.1.39","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,1]]}}}