{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T14:09:36Z","timestamp":1763388576814},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,3]],"date-time":"2018-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6730,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low cognitive ability and developmental delays have been implicated in the causation of mental illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics, psychopathology and social functioning profiles of people with low intelligence and recurrent psychotic illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multi-centre randomised controlled trial of case management provided the opportunity to explore associations between mental illness and borderline intellectual functioning (assessed using the National Adult Reading Test)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall prevalence of borderline intelligence was 18%. Significant positive associations were shown with: being Black Caribbean; having a father who worked in a manual occupation; lower educational achievement; having had special education; longer course of illness. Those with borderline intelligence had greater disability and were more likely to suffer extrapyramidal side-effects and show evidence of negative symptoms. Educational achievement, history of special education and social class were the best socio-demographic predictors of intellectual level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many patients who attend generic psychiatric services have considerable intellectual deficits. 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