{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:11:41Z","timestamp":1790863901693,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6179,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review commissioned in 1996 by the Department of Health (DOH).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assess therapeutic profile of cannabis and cannabinoids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medline search, references supplied by DOH and others, and personal communications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cannabis and some cannabinoids are effective antiemetics and analgesics and reduce intraocular pressure. There is evidence of symptom relief and improved well-being in selected neurological conditions, AIDS and certain cancers. Cannabinoids may reduce anxiety and improve sleep. Anticonvulsant activity requires clarification. Other properties identified by basic research await evaluation. Standard treatments for many relevant disorders are unsatisfactory. Cannabis is safe in overdose but often produces unwanted effects, typically sedation, intoxication, clumsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, lowered blood pressure or increased heart rate. The discovery of specific receptors and natural ligands may lead to drug developments. Research is needed to optimise dose and route of administration, quantify therapeutic and adverse effects, and examine interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.2.107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,29]],"date-time":"2002-08-29T17:36:18Z","timestamp":1030642578000},"page":"107-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Philip","family":"Robson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref4","first-page":"946","article-title":"Nabilone versus prochlorperazine for control of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis in children: a double-blind, crossover trial","volume":"79","author":"Chan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02617.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt197112144"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03260160054015"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197510162931603"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J251v07n01_04"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820815)50:4<636::AID-CNCR2820500404>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Cannabis and cancer chemotherapy: a comparison of oral delta-9-THC and prochlorperazine","volume":"50","author":"Ungerleider","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02578.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1975.tb02348.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref38","unstructured":"Meek C. (1994) Doctors want cannabis prescriptions allowed. BMA News Review, 15 February, p. 15."},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref21","volume-title":"The Health and Psychological Consequences of Cannabis","author":"Hall","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02622.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35258-5"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref48","unstructured":"Pertwee R. G. (1995) Pharmacological, physiological and clinical implications of the discovery of cannabinoid receptors: an overview. In Cannabinoid Receptors (ed. Pertwee R. ), pp. 1\u201334. Harcourt Brace."},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.5.502"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref34","first-page":"326","article-title":"Dronabinol and prochlorperazine in combination are better than either agent alone for treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting","volume":"8","author":"Lane","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncologists"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1994.33"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(94)00117-4"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref47","first-page":"829","volume-title":"The Pharmacology of Marihuana","author":"Perez-Reyes","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198508000-00013"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02621.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)18723-X"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-91-6-819"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130616"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt197518184"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000112901"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00194-B"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90386-G"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref19","volume-title":"Marihuana, The Forbidden Medicine.","author":"Grinspoon","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref33","first-page":"474","article-title":"Grand mal convulsions subsequent to marihuana use","volume":"18","author":"Keeler","year":"1967","journal-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref52","first-page":"763","volume-title":"The Pharmacology of Marihuana","author":"Regelson","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01728184"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000137430"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02576.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2650030602"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(86)90144-9"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198306000-00004"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref23","volume-title":"The Pharmacology of Marihuana","author":"Hepler","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.139-az0132.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref26","volume-title":"Cannabis: The Scientific and Medical Evidence (HL Paper 151)","year":"1988"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref27","first-page":"943","article-title":"Nabilone, a cannabinol derivative, in the treatment of anxiety neuroses","volume":"29","author":"Ilaria","year":"1981","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref28","first-page":"2. 1","volume-title":"Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base","author":"Joy","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02610.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref35","volume-title":"Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents","author":"Levitt","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02589.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80035-2"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190083"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1981.tb13699.x"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1991.9.7.1314"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref55","first-page":"57","article-title":"Bronchial effects of aerosolized delta-9-THC in healthy and asthmatic subjects","volume":"115","author":"Tashkin","year":"1977","journal-title":"American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref37","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents","author":"Mechoulam","year":"1986"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420230078030"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90385-F"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00256701"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(85)90122-4"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref22","first-page":"749","volume-title":"The Pharmacology of Marihuana","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Harris","year":"1976"},{"key":"S0007125000265070_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02568.x"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000265070","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T15:10:10Z","timestamp":1557328210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000265070\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000265070"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.178.2.107","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]}}}