{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T16:57:46Z","timestamp":1759683466301},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"S40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6120,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Progress in identifying genetic factors protective against alcohol dependence (AIcD) requires a paradigm shift in psychiatric epidemiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To integrate analysis of research into the genetics of alcoholism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from prospective questionnaire and interview surveys of the Australian twin panel, and from a subsample who underwent alcohol challenge, were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In men, effects of alcohol dehydrogenase <jats:italic>ADH2<\/jats:italic>\u2217<jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\/\u2217<jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic> genotype or high alcohol sensitivity (risk-decreasing), and of history of childhood conduct disorder, or having monozygotic co-twin or twin sister with AIcD (risk-increasing) were significant and comparable in magnitude. Religious affiliation (Anglican versus other) was associated with the <jats:italic>ADH2<\/jats:italic> genotype, but did not explain the associations with AIcD symptoms. No protective effect of the <jats:italic>ADH2<\/jats:italic>\u2217<jats:italic>1<\/jats:italic>\/\u2217<jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic> genotype was observed in women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The early onset and strong familial aggregation of AIcD, and opportunity for within-family tests of genetic association to avoid confounding effects, make epidemiological family studies of adolescents and young adults and their families a priority.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.40.s33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,29]],"date-time":"2002-08-29T21:36:18Z","timestamp":1030656978000},"page":"s33-s40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Towards a molecular epidemiology of alcohol dependence: Analysing the interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"A. 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