{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:52:24Z","timestamp":1790823144026,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":5421,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 20th century ended without a resolution of the debate about the supremacy of Schneider's psychopathological conceptualisation of schizophrenia (the first-rank symptoms) over Bleuler's \u2018four As' (disorders of association and affect, ambivalence and autism).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the relationships between linguistic deviations and symptoms in patients with acute psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed language disturbances and first-rank symptoms with the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG) in 30 consecutive patients with acute psychosis, selected for the presence of at least one active first-rank symptom, and 15 control participants with depression but no psychotic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Strong positive correlations were found between the CLANG factor \u2018poverty\u2019 (of speech) and first-rank delusions of control and (\u2018delusional perceptions\u2019) between semantic\/phonemic paraphasias and verbal auditory hallucinations. Language disturbances were superior to nuclear symptoms in discriminating ICD\u201310 schizophrenia from other psychoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluating the features of psychosis as deviations in the cerebral organisation of language paves the way to a concept of psychosis that supersedes these traditional but competing categorical concepts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.3.233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,28]],"date-time":"2003-02-28T20:22:44Z","timestamp":1046463764000},"page":"233-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Disintegration of the components of language as the path to a revision of Bleuler's and Schneider's concepts of schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Ceccherini-Nelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Crow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref22","volume-title":"Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms: An Instruction Manual for the PSE and Catego Program.","author":"Wing","year":"1974"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref10","first-page":"4","article-title":"Language disorganisation in schizophrenia: validation and assessment with a new clinical rating instrument","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1980"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref1","volume-title":"Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines","author":"Altman","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref23","volume-title":"Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems","year":"1992"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00110-2"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/12.3.348"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000026313"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.4.303"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref3","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780120055007"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290070025006"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref8","volume-title":"Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias.","author":"Bleuler","year":"1911"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6207.66"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(99)00029-6"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.3.243"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006889"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.2.145"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000192116","article-title":"First rank symptoms of schizophrenia. I. The frequency in schizophrenics on admission to hospital. II. Differences between individual first rank symptoms","volume":"117","author":"Mellor","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000270153_ref20","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Themes and Variations in European Psychiatry. 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