{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:25:13Z","timestamp":1791908713069,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4902,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hyperprolactinaemia induced by D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> dopamine receptor antagonist antipsychotic medication can result in significant health problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the role of <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic> polymorphism on prolactin levels in patients treated with antipsychotic medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antipsychotic drugs with different degrees of D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor binding were given to 144 patients with schizophrenia. Serum prolactin levels were obtained and <jats:italic>Taq<\/jats:italic>1A <jats:italic>DRD2<\/jats:italic> alleles were determined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prolactin levels increased across medication groups reflecting increasingly tight D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor binding (clozapine, olanzapine, typical antipsychotics and risperidone). In the combined medication group, patients with the <jats:italic>DRD2\u2217A1<\/jats:italic> allele had 40% higher prolactin levels than patients without this allele. In patients treated with clozapine (the loosest D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor binding agent), patients with the <jats:italic>DRD2\u2217A1<\/jats:italic> allele had prolactin levels twice those of patients without this allele.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with the <jats:italic>DRD2A1<\/jats:italic> allele receiving antipsychotic medications had higher prolactin levels and were overrepresented among those with hyperprolactinaemia, suggesting greater functional D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor binding in this group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.2.147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,30]],"date-time":"2004-07-30T22:53:52Z","timestamp":1091228032000},"page":"147-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Prolactin levels in antipsychotic treatment of patients with schizophrenia carrying the <i>DRD2*A1<\/i> allele"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Ross Mcd.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce R.","family":"Lawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Warren K.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest P.","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10111"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050017"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000350"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(98)00158-3"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90288-O"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810310066012"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1303"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01064966"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref15","first-page":"255","article-title":"Increased dopamine D2 receptor occupancy and elevated prolactin level associated with addition of haloperidol to clozapine","volume":"159","author":"Kapur","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.3.360"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01251-3"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979317"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000532"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(92)90043-V"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref8","first-page":"10","article-title":"Drug-induced gynecomastia","volume":"151","author":"Hugues","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annales de M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-199712000-00006"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(02)00112-9"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.12.2197-a"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddg055"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979321"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(00)00165-2"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(00)80086-7"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2002.tb00665.x"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref18","first-page":"56","article-title":"Prolactin elevation with antipsychotic medications: mechanisms of action and clinical consequences","volume":"63","author":"Maguire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199404)15:3<205::AID-EAT2260150303>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.514"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170049"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(01)00221-3"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002139900364"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.255"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1998.00343.x"},{"key":"S0007125000165110_ref1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000165110","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T20:44:06Z","timestamp":1557175446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000165110\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000165110"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.185.2.147","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}}}