{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:32:15Z","timestamp":1792081935306,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4294,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Panic disorder can be treated with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy or a combination of both.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To summarise the evidence concerning the short- and long-term benefits and adverse effects of a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were undertaken using data from all relevant randomised controlled trials identified by a comprehensive literature search. The primary outcome was relative risk (RR) of response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 23 randomised comparisons (21 trials involving a total of 1709 patients). In the acute-phase treatment, the combined therapy was superior to antidepressant pharmacotherapy (RR=1.24, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.52) or psychotherapy (RR=1.16, 95%CI 1.03\u20131.30). After termination of the acute-phase treatment, the combined therapy was more effective than pharmacotherapy alone (RR=1.61, 95% CI 1.23\u20132.11) and was as effective as psychotherapy (RR=0.96, 95% CI 0.79\u20131.16).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Either combined therapy or psychotherapy alone may be chosen as first-line treatment for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, depending on the patient's preferences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.4.305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:19:00Z","timestamp":1143850740000},"page":"305-312","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Psychotherapy plus antidepressant for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Toshi 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