{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:33:37Z","timestamp":1789608817328,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518393600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125017000344_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staff training in positive behaviour support (PBS) is a widespread treatment approach for challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125017000344_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether such training is clinically effective in reducing challenging behaviour during routine care (trial registration: NCT01680276).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125017000344_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We carried out a multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial involving 23 community intellectual disability services in England, randomly allocated to manual-assisted staff training in PBS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 11) or treatment as usual (TAU, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12). Data were collected from 246 adult participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125017000344_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No treatment effects were found for the primary outcome (challenging behaviour over 12 months, adjusted mean difference = \u22122.14, 95% CI: \u22128.79, 4.51) or secondary outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125017000344_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staff training in PBS, as applied in this study, did not reduce challenging behaviour. Further research should tackle implementation issues and endeavour to identify other interventions that can reduce challenging behaviour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125017000344_sec_a6\"><jats:title>Declaration of interest<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2017.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T05:07:03Z","timestamp":1518412023000},"page":"161-168","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Clinical outcomes of staff training in positive behaviour support to reduce challenging behaviour in adults with intellectual disability: cluster randomised controlled 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