{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:05:01Z","timestamp":1791317101531,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125020001580_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigation of treatments that effectively treat adults with post-traumatic stress disorder from childhood experiences (Ch-PTSD) and are well tolerated by patients is needed to improve outcomes for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020001580_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two trauma-focused treatments, imagery rescripting (ImRs) and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), for treating Ch-PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020001580_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an international, multicentre, randomised clinical trial, recruiting adults with Ch-PTSD from childhood trauma before 16 years of age. Participants were randomised to treatment condition and assessed by blind raters at multiple time points. Participants received up to 12 90-min sessions of either ImRs or EMDR, biweekly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020001580_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 155 participants were included in the final intent-to-treat analysis. Drop-out rates were low, at 7.7%. A generalised linear mixed model of repeated measures showed that observer-rated post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms significantly decreased for both ImRs (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.72) and EMDR (\n                      <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.73) at the 8-week post-treatment assessment. Similar results were seen with secondary outcome measures and self-reported PTSD symptoms. There were no significant differences between the two treatments on any standardised measure at post-treatment and follow-up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125020001580_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ImRs and EMDR treatments were found to be effective in treating PTSD symptoms arising from childhood trauma, and in reducing other symptoms such as depression, dissociation and trauma-related cognitions. The low drop-out rates suggest that the treatments were well tolerated by participants. The results from this study provide evidence for the use of trauma-focused treatments for Ch-PTSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T03:44:16Z","timestamp":1599450256000},"page":"609-615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder from childhood trauma: randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"217","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2164-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrina L.","family":"Boterhoven de Haan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Fassbinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia M.","family":"van Es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Menninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Louise","family":"Meewisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen","family":"Rijkeboer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margriet","family":"Kousemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnoud","family":"Arntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.10.004"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref27","volume-title":"World Database of Happiness","author":"Veenhoven","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref4","volume-title":"The ISTSS Expert Consensus Treatment Guidelines for Complex PTSD in Adults","author":"Cloitre"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref8","volume-title":"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures","author":"Shapiro","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22469"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.4249"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v13n01_04"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.3.4.264","article-title":"EMDR and the treatment of complex PTSD: a review","volume":"3","author":"Korn","year":"2009","journal-title":"J EMDR Pract Res"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref19","volume-title":"Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD","author":"Weiss","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.13.1.32"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.3.300"},{"key":"S0007125020001580_ref17","unstructured":"17 Weathers, FW , Blake, DD , Schnurr, PP , Kaloupek, DG , Marx, BP , Keane, TM. 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