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In preadolescence, we used magnetoencephalography and focused on theta rhythms, which characterise the developing brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021001641_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal MDD was associated with disrupted DMN connectivity in an exposure-specific manner. Early maternal MDD decreased child connectivity, presenting a profile typical of early trauma or chronic adversity. In contrast, later maternal MDD was linked with tighter connectivity, a pattern characteristic of adult depression. Aberrant DMN connectivity was predicted by intrusive mothering in infancy and lower mother\u2013child reciprocity and child empathy in late childhood, highlighting the role of deficient caregiving and compromised socio-emotional competencies in DMN dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021001641_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings pinpoint the distinct effects of early versus later maternal MDD on the DMN, a core network sustaining self-related processes. Results emphasise that research on the influence of early adversity on the developing brain should consider the developmental stage in which the adversity occured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T08:59:40Z","timestamp":1636966780000},"page":"130-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Investigating default mode network connectivity disruption in children of mothers with 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