{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:52:32Z","timestamp":1762876352127,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125021002269_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Victims of violence, accidents and threats are at risk for mental health problems. Lower coping self-efficacy and social support levels increase this risk. Although highly relevant, it is unknown if the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic amplifies these risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021002269_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine if the prevalence, incidence and\/or mean scores for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression symptoms, general mental health problems, coping self-efficacy, lack of emotional support and social acknowledgement are higher among adults victimised in the year after the COVID-19 outbreak compared with adults victimised in a similar period before the outbreak. Also, to compare symptoms, problems and support within non-victims during the same period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021002269_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data was extracted from four surveys of the VICTIMS study (March 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021), based on a random sample of the Dutch population. Multivariate logistic regression analyses and mixed-effects models were used to examine differences between the two victim groups (2019: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 421, 2021: <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 319) and non-victims (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3245).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021002269_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults victimised after the outbreak more often had PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms, general mental health problems and lower coping self-efficacy than those victimised before. They did not differ in lack of support and acknowledgement. Both victim groups differed from non-victims, where mental health problems and lack of support levels were much lower and almost stable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021002269_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the mental health and coping self-efficacy levels of victims, whereas mental health problems among non-victims remained virtually stable. Mental healthcare workers, general practitioners and victim services should take this impact into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T09:40:52Z","timestamp":1643017252000},"page":"265-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Differences in mental health problems, coping self-efficacy and social support between adults victimised before and adults victimised after the COVID-19 outbreak: population-based prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-6281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter G.","family":"van der Velden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Contino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Leenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Wittmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-005-9023-6"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102269"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.040"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2002.90.3.1055"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27259"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.09.098"},{"volume-title":"Het meten van Sociale Steun met de Sociale Steun Lijst -Interacties SSL-I en Sociale Steun Lijst -Discrepanties, SSL-D: een handleiding (Tweede herziene druk)","year":"2012","author":"van Sonderen","key":"S0007125021002269_ref21"},{"volume-title":"Een beschrijving van de MHI-5 in De Gezondheidsmodule van het Permanent Onderzoek Leefsituatie [A Description of the MHI-5 in the Health Module of Permanent Research of Living Conditions, POLS]","year":"2011","author":"Driessen","key":"S0007125021002269_ref13"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.23209"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.008"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240146"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000266"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000038484.15488.3d"},{"key":"S0007125021002269_ref23","article-title":"The prevalence, incidence and risk factors of mental health problems and mental health services use before and 9 months after the COVID-19 outbreak among the general Dutch population. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}