{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:18:13Z","timestamp":1788999493475,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125021000659_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The general health of children of parents with mental illness is overlooked.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021000659_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify the difference in healthcare use of children exposed and unexposed to maternal mental illness (MMI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021000659_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0\u201317 years, from 1 April 2007 to 31 July 2017, using a primary care register (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) linked to Hospital Episodes Statistics. MMI included non-affective\/affective psychosis and mood, anxiety, addiction, eating and personality disorders. Healthcare use included prescriptions, primary care and secondary care contacts; inflation adjusted costs were applied. The rate and cost was calculated and compared for children exposed and unexposed to MMI using negative binomial regression models. The total annual cost to NHS England of children with MMI was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021000659_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 489 255 children: 238 106 (48.7%) girls, 112 741 children (23.0%) exposed to MMI. Compared to unexposed children, exposed children had a higher rate of healthcare use (rate ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.26\u20131.28), averaging 2.21 extra contacts per exposed child per year (95% CI 2.14\u20132.29). Increased healthcare use among exposed children occurred in inpatients (rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.32\u20131.42), emergency care visits (rate ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.33\u20131.36), outpatients (rate ratio 1.30, 95% CI 1.28\u20131.32), prescriptions (rate ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.26\u20131.30) and primary care consultations (rate ratio 1.24, 95% CI 1.23\u20131.25). This costs NHS England an additional \u00a3656 million (95% CI \u00a3619\u2013\u00a3692 million), annually.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125021000659_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children of mentally ill mothers are a health vulnerable group for whom targeted intervention may create benefit for individuals, families, as well as limited NHS resources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.65","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T10:58:26Z","timestamp":1621594706000},"page":"515-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The healthcare resource impact of maternal mental illness on children and adolescents: UK retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4834-6719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly","family":"Hope","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cemre Su","family":"Osam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6450-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Kontopantelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Munford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren M.","family":"Ashcroft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.216"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30047-1"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2018-000266"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30059-3"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m853"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12012"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08931"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0618"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref25","unstructured":"25 NHS Improvement. Performance of the NHS Provider Sector for the Quarter Ended 30 September 2018. NHS Improvement, 2018 (https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/performance-of-the-nhs-provider-sector-quarter-4-1819.pdf)."},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00632-5"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmt057"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003786"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12121"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.2817"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15270.1"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref26","unstructured":"26 Shribman, S , Billingham, K . Healthy Child Programme: Pregnancy and the First Five Years of Life. Department of Health and Social Care, 2009 (https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/healthy-child-programme-pregnancy-and-the-first-5-years-of-life)."},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30202-4"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.12.2170"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2399"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2917"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.172"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02317.x"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz040"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470976739.ch27"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01936-3"},{"key":"S0007125021000659_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0341"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125021000659","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T06:58:07Z","timestamp":1629874687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125021000659\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125021000659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2021.65","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}