{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T03:55:17Z","timestamp":1789617317715,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["726413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["726413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001289_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are well-known risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001289_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim was to study the associations between specific ACEs and psychological functioning in women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001289_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 29 367 women (mean age 44 years) from the Icelandic Stress-And-Gene-Analysis (SAGA) study, 534 (1.8%, mean age 40) reported having been diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, which were combined to \u2018severe mental disorders\u2019. Participants reported on 13 types of ACEs, childhood deprivation and psychological functioning (defined as coping ability and current symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances). Adjusted Poisson regression calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) between ACEs and severe mental disorders. Linear regression assessed the association between ACEs and psychological functioning among women with a severe mental disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001289_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with a severe mental disorder reported more ACEs (mean 4.57, s.d. = 2.82) than women without (mean 2.51, s.d. = 2.34) in a dose-dependent manner (fully-adjusted PR = 1.23 per ACE, 95% CI 1.20\u20131.27). After mutual adjustment for other ACEs, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, mental illness of a household member, emotional neglect, bullying and collective violence were associated with severe mental disorders. Among women with severe mental disorders, a higher number of ACEs was associated with increased symptom burden of depression (\u03b2 = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.19\u20134.38) and anxiety (\u03b2 = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99\u20133.09) including poorer sleep quality (\u03b2 = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.07\u20131.59). Findings were similar for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder separately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001289_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder show a strong history of ACEs, which may interfere with their psychological functioning and, therefore, need to be addressed as part of their treatment, for example, with trauma-focused psychotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T09:43:13Z","timestamp":1697622193000},"page":"6-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Adverse childhood experiences and psychological functioning among women with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"224","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5121-1287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"K\u00f6hler-Forsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenfen","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arna","family":"Hauksd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edda Bjork","family":"Thordardottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristjana","family":"\u00c1sbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpa","family":"R\u00fanarsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"T\u00f3masson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f3hanna","family":"Jakobsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berglind","family":"Gu\u00f0mundsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andri Stein\u00fe\u00f3r","family":"Bj\u00f6rnsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Engilbert","family":"Sigur\u00f0sson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Aspelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unnur A.","family":"Valdimarsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2019.08.004"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20271"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13548"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0519-5"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.71770"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs050"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.67"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01239-2"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.08.049"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100407"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113411"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.031"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0344-2"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01586-8"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02275-7"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429492259"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref11","unstructured":"11 Valdimarsd\u00f3ttir, UA , Hauksd\u00f3ttir, A . SAGA-Cohort (https:\/\/afallasaga.is\/english\/)."},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref15","unstructured":"15 World Health Organization. Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). WHO, 2021 (https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/adversechildhood-experiences-international-questionnaire-(ace-iq))."},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000231"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02275-7"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2018.1521940"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.5.592"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0307-3"},{"key":"S0007125023001289_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13268"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125023001289","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T08:53:21Z","timestamp":1703235201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125023001289\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125023001289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2023.128","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}