{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:47:35Z","timestamp":1791208055254,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706140800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR 17\/105\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR 17\/105\/16"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001745_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anxiety in pregnancy and after giving birth (the perinatal period) is highly prevalent but under-recognised. Robust methods of assessing perinatal anxiety are essential for services to identify and treat women appropriately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001745_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine which assessment measures are most psychometrically robust and effective at identifying women with perinatal anxiety (primary objective) and depression (secondary objective).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001745_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 2243 women who completed five measures of anxiety and depression (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD) two- and seven-item versions; Whooley questions; Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE-10); and Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS)) during pregnancy (15 weeks, 22 weeks and 31 weeks) and after birth (6 weeks). To assess diagnostic accuracy a sample of 403 participants completed modules of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001745_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The best diagnostic accuracy for anxiety was shown by the CORE-10 and SAAS. The best diagnostic accuracy for depression was shown by the CORE-10, SAAS and Whooley questions, although the SAAS had lower specificity. The same cut-off scores for each measure were optimal for identifying anxiety or depression (SAAS \u22659; CORE-10 \u22659; Whooley \u22651). All measures were psychometrically robust, with good internal consistency, convergent validity and unidimensional factor structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023001745_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified robust and effective methods of assessing perinatal anxiety and depression. We recommend using the CORE-10 or SAAS to assess perinatal anxiety and the CORE-10 or Whooley questions to assess depression. The GAD-2 and GAD-7 did not perform as well as other measures and optimal cut-offs were lower than currently recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T06:15:10Z","timestamp":1706163310000},"page":"132-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Assessment of perinatal anxiety: diagnostic accuracy of five measures"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"224","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Ayers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Sinesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Cheyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Maxwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey","family":"McNicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazihah","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Una","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Shakespeare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Alderdice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Jomeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the MAP Study Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125023001745_ref13","volume-title":"Commissioning Brief 17\/105: Perinatal Mental Health Services","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0007125023001745_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18r12527","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18r12527","article-title":"The prevalence of anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a multivariate Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Fawcett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125023001745_ref8","volume-title":"Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: Clinical Management and Service Guidance (Clinical Guideline CG192)","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0007125023001745_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1997.00076.x","article-title":"Case-finding instruments for depression: two questions are as good as many","volume":"12","author":"Whooley","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"S0007125023001745_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023766","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023766","article-title":"Prevalence and identification of anxiety disorders in pregnancy: the diagnostic accuracy of the two-item generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-2)","volume":"8","author":"Nath","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"S0007125023001745_ref3","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: 10th Revision. 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Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}