{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T04:09:27Z","timestamp":1791691767124,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000247_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous meta-analyses of psychotherapies for children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) did not investigate whether treatment efficacy is diminished when patients report multiple (versus single) traumas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000247_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether efficacy of psychological interventions for paediatric PTSD is diminished when patients report multiple (versus single) traumas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000247_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We systematically searched PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PTSDpubs on 21 April 2022 and included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) meeting the following criteria: (a) random allocation; (b) all participants presented with partial or full PTSD; (c) PTSD is the primary treatment focus; (d) sample mean age &lt;19 years; (e) sample size\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2265 20. Trauma frequency was analysed as a dichotomous (single versus \u22652 traumas) and continuous (mean number of exposures) potential moderator of efficacy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000247_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 57 eligible RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4295), 51 RCTs were included in quantitative analyses. Relative to passive control conditions, interventions were found effective for single-trauma-related PTSD (Hedges\u2019\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.09; 95% CI 0.70\u20131.48;\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8 trials) and multiple-trauma-related PTSD (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.11; 95% CI 0.74\u20131.47;\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12). Psychotherapies were also more effective than active control conditions in reducing multiple-trauma-related PTSD. Comparison with active control conditions regarding single-event PTSD was not possible owing to scarcity (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1) of available trials. Efficacy did not differ with trauma exposure frequency irrespective of its operationalisation and subgroup analyses (e.g. trauma-focused cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy only).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000247_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current evidence base suggests that psychological interventions for paediatric PTSD can effectively treat PTSD in populations reporting single and multiple traumas. Future trials for PTSD following single-event trauma need to involve active control conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T03:40:53Z","timestamp":1677642053000},"page":"196-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Efficacy of psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents exposed to single versus multiple traumas: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"222","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6050-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thole H.","family":"Hoppen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0262-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Meiser-Stedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0751-0228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tine K.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2388-8474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne Skogbrott","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2331-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nexhmedin","family":"Morina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010247"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.09.014"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref30","unstructured":"30 Finch, J . Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and young people: understanding the evidence-practice gap (Doctoral dissertation), University of East Anglia, 2019."},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d549"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003262"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref11","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref15","volume-title":"Practical Meta-Analysis","author":"Lipsey","year":"2009"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2022.2114630"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709006114"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.10.004"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001641"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref23","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.12.013"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.577"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.1.7"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.05.006"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12379"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.131227"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref17","unstructured":"17 R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation, 2015 (http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/)."},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0202-5"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.143"},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref26","unstructured":"26 Schauer, E . 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WHO, 2019."},{"key":"S0007125023000247_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101855"}],"container-title":["The British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125023000247","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T05:38:35Z","timestamp":1681709915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125023000247\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125023000247"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2023.24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}