{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T21:06:24Z","timestamp":1773695184455,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684108800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000430_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with neurodegenerative disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may have an elevated risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may be disproportionally affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) once infected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000430_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review all eligible studies and quantify the strength of associations between various pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders and both SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 illness course and outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000430_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre-registered systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian meta-analyses. Systematic searches were executed in PubMed, Web of Science and preprint servers. The final search date was 9 January 2023. Odds ratios (ORs) were used as measures of effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000430_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 136 primary studies (total sample size<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 97 643 494), reporting on 268 effect-size estimates, met the inclusion criteria. The odds for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result were increased for people with pre-existing dementia (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.16\u20132.87), Alzheimer's disease (OR = 2.86, 95% CI 1.44\u20135.66) and Parkinson's disease (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.34\u20132.04). People with pre-existing dementia were more likely to experience a relatively severe COVID-19 course, once infected (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00\u20132.03). People with pre-existing dementia or Alzheimer's disease were at increased risk for COVID-19-related hospital admission (pooled OR range: 1.60\u20133.72). Intensive care unit admission rates were relatively low for people with dementia (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.40\u20130.74). All neurodegenerative disorders, including MCI, were at higher risk for COVID-19-related mortality (pooled OR range: 1.56\u20132.27).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125023000430_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirm that, in general, people with neurodegenerative disease and MCI are at a disproportionally high risk of contracting COVID-19 and have a poor outcome once infected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T08:45:51Z","timestamp":1684140351000},"page":"348-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 illness course and outcome in people with pre-existing neurodegenerative disorders: systematic review with frequentist and Bayesian 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