{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:44:39Z","timestamp":1791557079702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728518400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001326_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding inequalities in outcomes between demographic groups is a necessary step in addressing them in clinical care. Inequalities in treatment uptake between demographic groups may explain disparities in outcomes in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001326_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate disparities between broad demographic groups in symptomatic improvement in patients with FEP and their relationship to treatment uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001326_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from 6813 patients from the 2021\u20132022 National Clinical Audit of Psychosis data-set. Data were grouped by category type to obtain mean outcomes before adjustment to see whether disparities in outcomes remained after differences in treatment uptake had been accounted for. After matching, the average effect of each demographic variable in terms of outcome change was calculated. Moderator effects on specific treatments were investigated using interaction terms in a regression model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001326_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational results showed that patients aged 18\u201324 years were less likely to improve in outcome, unless adjusted for intervention uptake. Patients classified as Black and Black British were less likely to improve in outcome (moderation effect 0.04, 95% CI 0\u20130.07) after adjusting for treatment take-up and demographic factors. Regression analysis showed the general positive effect of supported employment interventions in improving outcomes (coefficient \u22120.13, 95% CI \u22120.07 to \u22120.18, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and moderator analysis suggested targeting particular groups for interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001326_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inequalities in treatment uptake and psychotic symptom outcome of FEP by social and demographic factors require monitoring over time. Our analysis provides a framework for monitoring health inequalities across national clinical audits in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T12:32:23Z","timestamp":1728563543000},"page":"556-562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigating inequalities in patient outcomes for first-episode 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Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}