{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:50:15Z","timestamp":1792464615643,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001971_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While various delivery formats of cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy (CBT) for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) are available, comprehensive evidence on their comparative effectiveness and acceptability is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001971_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the comparative effectiveness and acceptability of different CBT delivery formats for OCD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001971_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An existing database of psychological interventions for OCD was utilised, with randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CBT delivery formats with each other\/control groups were included. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. Comparative standard mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for effectiveness in reducing OCD symptom severity post-treatment. Relative risks were calculated for acceptability (conceptualised as any cause discontinuation in the acute treatment phase).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001971_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 61 RCTs involving 3710 patients with OCD were included. All CBT treatment formats were significantly more effective than control groups (SMDs: \u22120.39 to \u22121.66). No significant differences were found among individual, remote-delivery, guided self-help, time-intensive and family-involved formats. However, individual, remote-delivery and family-involved formats were more effective than group (SMDs, \u22120.38 to \u22120.60), and most treatment formats were more effective than unguided self-help (SMDs, \u22120.58 to \u22120.80). Regarding acceptability, most CBT formats showed no significant differences among themselves, although they were generally more acceptable (relative risks: 1.11\u20131.18) than unguided self-help.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024001971_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most CBT delivery formats serve as potential alternatives to conventional individual CBT. Unguided self-help has lower but still moderate effects in reducing OCD symptom severity, and it holds important potential for assisting a larger number of individuals with OCD who face barriers to accessing treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:17:01Z","timestamp":1762323421000},"page":"252-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effectiveness and acceptability of cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy delivery formats for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"228","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2218-3237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5563-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marketa","family":"Ciharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpana","family":"Amarnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sichuan Normal University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke B. 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