{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T09:01:34Z","timestamp":1785315694114,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2124276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2124276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2124277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2124277"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH127501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH127501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 HD103538"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 HD103538"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH106564"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH106564"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014370","name":"Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["724867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["724867"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014370","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002356_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reliable and specific biomarkers that can distinguish autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) from commonly co-occurring attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are lacking, causing misses and delays in diagnosis, and reducing access to interventions and quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002356_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether an innovative, brief (1-min), videogame method called Computerised Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI), can identify ASD-specific imitation differences compared with neurotypical children and children with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002356_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study used CAMI alongside standardised parent-report (Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition) and observational measures of autism (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition; ADOS-2), ADHD (Conners) and motor ability (Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs). The sample comprised 183 children aged 7\u201313 years, with ADHD (without ASD), with ASD (with and without ADHD) and who were neurotypical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002356_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Regardless of co-occurring ADHD, children with ASD showed poorer CAMI performance than neurotypical children (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001; adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.28), whereas children with ADHD and neurotypical children showed similar CAMI performance. Receiver operating curve and support vector machine analyses showed that CAMI distinguishes ASD from both neurotypical children (80% true positive rate) and children with ADHD (70% true positive rate), with a high success rate significantly above chance. Among children with ASD, poor CAMI performance was associated with increased autism traits, particularly ADOS-2 measures of social affect and restricted and repetitive behaviours (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        R\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.23), but not with ADHD traits or motor ability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002356_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four levels of analyses confirm that poor imitation measured by the low-cost and scalable CAMI method specifically distinguishes ASD not only from neurotypical development, but also from commonly co-occurring ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T02:00:59Z","timestamp":1738029659000},"page":"29-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluating Computerised Assessment of Motor Imitation (CAMI) for identifying autism-specific difficulties not observed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or neurotypical development"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Romila","family":"Santra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Institute for Data Science, Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deana","family":"Crocetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart H.","family":"Mostofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1135-1004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahar","family":"Tun\u00e7gen\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham Trent University University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2229-0"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2003.97.3f.1315"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.10.010"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1222"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.010"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2225-4"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-devpsych-033020-024051"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.601254"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref24","volume-title":"Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2)","author":"Constantino","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2356"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref23","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 5th Edition","author":"Wechsler","year":"2014"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01298-5"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"S0007125024002356_ref30","unstructured":"30 Wickham, H , Vaughan, D , Girlich, M . tidyr: Tidy Messy Data. 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