{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:45:28Z","timestamp":1792701928521,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002666_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depressive disorders pose a significant global public health challenge, yet evidence on their burden remains insufficient.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002666_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the global, regional and national burden of depressive disorders and their attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002666_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 were analyzed for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We explored the age-standardised incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of depressive disorders by age, gender and sociodemographic index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002666_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2021, there were 357.44 million incident cases, 332.41 million prevalent cases and 56.33 million DALYs. Age-standardised rates for incidence, prevalence and DALYs were 4333.62, 4006.82 and 681.14 per 100 000 persons, with annual declines of 0.06%, 0.03% and 0.04%. Uganda, Greenland and Lesotho had the highest prevalence, while Spain, Mexico and Uruguay showed the largest increases. Greenland and Brunei Darussalam had the highest and lowest age-standardised DALYs rates, respectively. DALYs peaked in the 55\u201359 age group for men and 60\u201364 for women, with higher rates in women. Regionally, a U-shaped association was found between the sociodemographic index and DALYs rates. Population growth was the main driver for the increase in DALYs cases. Childhood maltreatment was the leading risk factor, with intimate partner violence affecting more females and childhood sexual abuse more males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125024002666_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite decreasing trends in incidence, prevalence and DALYs rates, absolute case numbers and age-standardised rates continue to increase for depressive disorders. Tackling childhood abuse and improving depressive disorder management are crucial to reducing future burdens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T22:44:06Z","timestamp":1736894646000},"page":"688-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Global, regional and national burden of depressive disorders and attributable risk factors, from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7430-6140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dahai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1136125"},{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30263-2"},{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45637"},{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref22","volume-title":"Greenland: Large Decline in Greenland's Working age Population Projected, But Increase in Bioeconomy Jobs","year":"2020"},{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920001236"},{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref9","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition, Text Revision(DSM-IV-TR)","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0007125024002666_ref10","volume-title":"ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. 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