{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:29:56Z","timestamp":1785353396623,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001242_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accumulating evidence shows that an increasing number of children and young people (CYP) are reporting mental health problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001242_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate emotional disorders (anxiety or depression) among CYP in England between 2004 and 2017, and to identify which disorders and demographic groups have experienced the greatest increase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001242_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated cross-sectional, face-to-face study using data from the Mental Health of Children and Young People surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017, allowing use of nationally representative probability samples of CYP aged 5\u201316 years in England. A total of 13\u00a0561 CYP were included across both survey waves (6898 in 2004 and 6663 in 2017). We assessed the prevalence of any emotional, anxiety and depressive disorder assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment and classified according to ICD-10 criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001242_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of emotional disorders increased from 3.9% in 2004 to 6.0% in 2017, a relative increase of 63% (relative ratio 1.63, 95% CI 1.38, 1.91). This was largely driven by anxiety disorders, which increased from 3.5 to 5.4% (relative ratio 1.63, 95% CI 1.37, 1.93). The largest relative changes were for panic disorder, separation anxiety, social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder. Changes were similar for different genders and socioeconomic groups, but differed by ethnicity: the most pronounced increase was among White CYP (relative ratio 1.88, 95% CI 1.59, 2.24), compared with no clear change for Black and minority ethnic CYP (relative ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.52, 1.39). Comorbid psychiatric conditions were present in over a third of CYP with emotional disorders, with the most common being conduct disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001242_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2004 and 2017, the increase in emotional disorders among CYP in England was largely driven by anxiety disorders. Socioeconomic inequalities did not narrow. Disaggregating by ethnicity, change was evident only in White CYP, suggesting differential trends in either risk exposure, resilience or reporting by ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2025.124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T05:19:20Z","timestamp":1750655960000},"page":"36-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emotional disorders among children and young people in England from 2004 to 2017: analysis of a probability sample survey series"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0737-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky P.","family":"Taxiarchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna K.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5295-4904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin J.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamsin","family":"Newlove-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2711-0819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London"},{"name":"National Centre for Social Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yushi","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Pierce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Manchester"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref22","volume-title":"Mental Health of Children and Young People in England, 2017","author":"Marcheselli","year":"2018"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12089"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00254-2"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.534"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00281-9"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702613497473"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2023.101010"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13029"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13730"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300294"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2023.23","article-title":"Impact of anxiety and depression across childhood and adolescence on adverse outcomes in young adulthood: a UK birth cohort study","volume":"222","author":"Chandan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01203-3"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz259"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21009"},{"key":"S0007125025001242_ref20","unstructured":"20 Sadler, K , Vizard, T , Ford, T , Marcheselli, F , Pearce, N , Mandalia, D , et al. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}