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Hormonal changes across menstruation, pregnancy, parturition and perimenopause can have dramatic effects on mental health in vulnerable individuals, enabling the identification of unique biomarkers associated with these fluctuations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001345_as2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review integrates current evidence concerning potential biomarkers, with focus on recent human studies in perinatal depression, anxiety and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, postpartum psychosis, premenstrual dysphoric disorder and perimenopausal depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001345_as3\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified potential articles to be included in this narrative review by using PubMed to obtain articles in English since 2010 on the six conditions listed above, with the additional keywords of \u2018biomarker\u2019, \u2018epigenetics\u2019, \u2018neuroactive steroid\u2019, \u2018immune\u2019, \u2018inflammatory\u2019 and \u2018neuroimaging\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001345_as4\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is substantial published evidence regarding potential biomarkers of reproductive psychiatric disorders in the areas of epigenetics, neuroactive steroids, immune function and neuroimaging. This body of research holds significant potential to advance biomarker development, uncover disease mechanisms and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, but there is as yet no clinically useful biomarker in commercial development for any reproductive psychiatric disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0007125025001345_as5\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is an urgent need for longitudinal, large-scale and multi-modal studies to examine potential biomarkers and better understand their functions across various stages of reproduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2025.134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1750392429000},"page":"352-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biomarkers of reproductive psychiatric 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