{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:54:27Z","timestamp":1791366867965,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S0007125026107946_as1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research has overlooked high-functioning workers managed in occupational health settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125026107946_as2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate clinical characteristics, service use, and sex-related differences in medication and work disability among employees with ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125026107946_as3\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of psychiatric comorbidities in 2117 patients (53.8% men, 46.2% women) with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (ICD-10 F90.0) in the Finnish occupational health system (2018\u20132022). We explored service use, medication and sickness absence periods (using multinomial regression models) in a subset with available data (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1447).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125026107946_as4\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Psychiatric comorbidity affected 80.5% of patients, most commonly involving anxiety disorders (51.8%) and depression (43.9%). Service use was high: 87.0% consulted a psychiatrist and 70.1% a psychologist. Medication profiles differed by sex (Cramer\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.15): men more frequently received psychostimulants only (27.4%\n                      <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                      . 18.4%), whereas women were more likely to receive antidepressants only or antidepressant\u2013anxiolytic combinations. Women demonstrated substantially higher levels of psychiatric sickness absence compared with men across all duration categories, with relative risk ratio (RRR) = 2.08 (95% CI 1.37\u20133.14) for short (1 to 7 days) absences, RRR = 2.03 (95% CI 1.42\u20132.90) for intermediate (8 to 30 days) absences and RRR = 2.75 (95% CI 2.16\u20133.52) for long-term (&gt;30 days) absences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0007125026107946_as5\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Working adults with ADHD carry a heavy comorbidity burden and use specialised services extensively. Women are more frequently managed with comorbidity-focused medications rather than stimulants only and experience disproportionately higher psychiatric-related work disability. Sex-specific clinical pathways may be needed to preserve workability in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2026.10794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:28:30Z","timestamp":1791365310000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatric comorbidity, burden of sickness absence and sex-specific characteristics of working individuals with ADHD treated in primary care in the Finnish occupational health system: cross-sectional register study"],"prefix":"10.1192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4362-5426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Tuokko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Helsinki"},{"name":"Terveystalo Healthcare 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Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Lepp\u00e4m\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/040af2s02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Helsinki"},{"name":"Terveystalo Healthcare Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125026107946_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054717714057"},{"key":"S0007125026107946_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022"},{"key":"S0007125026107946_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2024.199","article-title":"Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed ADHD in the UK: matched cohort study","volume":"226","author":"El Baou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}