{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T06:57:57Z","timestamp":1778741877327,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3988,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J\n                        Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trials have demonstrated benefits of long-chain omega-3 essential fatty\n                           acid (n-3 EFA) supplementation in a variety of psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy of n-3 EFAs in improving psychological well-being\n                           in patients with recurrent self-harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=49) presenting after an act of repeated\n                           self-harm were randomised to receive 1.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid plus 0.9\n                           g decosahexaenoic acid (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=22) or placebo\n                              (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=27) for 12 weeks in addition to standard\n                           psychiatric care. Six psychological domains were measured at baseline and\n                           end point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 12 weeks, the n-3 EFA group had significantly greater improvements in\n                           scores for depression, suicidality and daily stresses. Scores for\n                           impulsivity aggression and hostility did not differ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supplementation achieved substantial reductions in surrogate markers of\n                           suicidal behaviour and improvements in well-being. Larger studies are\n                           warranted to determine if insufficient dietary intake of n-3 EFAs is a\n                           reversible risk factor for self-harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T22:26:19Z","timestamp":1170455179000},"page":"118-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with recurrent\n                        self-harm"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"190","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Hallahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Hibbeln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Garland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.1.35","article-title":"The Overt Aggression Scale for the objective rating of verbal and physical aggression","volume":"143","author":"Yudofsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.913"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1220"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2003.06.002"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00844845"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000059748"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.019562"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.1.70"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00094.x"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.167"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref2","first-page":"S44","article-title":"Development of neuropharmacologically based behavioral assessments of impulsive aggressive behavior","volume":"3","author":"Coccaro","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118507"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref5","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II)","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.1.22"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.17.4.152"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.4.275"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(98)00322-9"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"S0007125000233515_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195467"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000233515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T15:03:21Z","timestamp":1556809401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000233515\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":["Single-centre double-blind randomised controlled trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000233515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.022707","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}