{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:34:16Z","timestamp":1777394056595,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3380,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurotoxic effects of ecstasy have been reported, although it remains unclear whether effects can be attributed to ecstasy, other recreational drugs or a combination of these.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess specific\/independent neurotoxic effects of heavy ecstasy use and contributions of amphetamine, cocaine and cannabis as part of The Netherlands XTC Toxicity (NeXT) study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effects of ecstasy and other substances were assessed with<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, perfusion weighted imaging and [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]2\u03b2-carbomethoxy-3\u03b2-(4-iodophenyl)-tropane ([<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b2-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (serotonin transporters) in a sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=71) with broad variation in drug use, using multiple regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ecstasy showed specific effects in the thalamus with decreased [<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I]\u03b2-CIT binding, suggesting serotonergic axonal damage; decreased fractional anisotropy, suggesting axonal loss; and increased cerebral blood volume probably caused by serotonin depletion. Ecstasy had no effect on brain metabolites and apparent diffusion coefficients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Converging evidence was found for a specific toxic effect of ecstasy on serotonergic axons in the thalamus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.035089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,30]],"date-time":"2008-09-30T23:17:53Z","timestamp":1222816673000},"page":"289-296","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Neurotoxic effects of ecstasy on the thalamus"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Maartje M. 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