{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:46:18Z","timestamp":1789386378121,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3472,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tourette syndrome is a heterogeneous familial disorder for which the genetic mechanisms are unknown. A better characterisation of the phenotype may help identify susceptibility genes<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To extend previous factor-analytic studies of the syndrome<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Symptom data from 410 people with Tourette syndrome were included in agglomerative hierarchical cluster and principal components analyses<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five factors were observed, characterised by: (1) socially inappropriate behaviours and other complex vocal tics; (2) complex motor tics; (3) simple tics; (4) compulsive behaviours; and (5) touching self. Individuals with co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder had significantly higher factor scores on Factors 1 and 3, whereas individuals with co-occurring obsessive-compulsive disorder and behaviours had significantly higher factor scores for Factors 1\u20134<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings add to the growing body of evidence that Tourette syndrome is not a unitary condition and can be disaggregated into more homogeneous symptom components<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.039909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,2]],"date-time":"2008-07-02T11:48:52Z","timestamp":1214999332000},"page":"31-36","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Principal components analysis of a large cohort with Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Mary 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