{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:31:36Z","timestamp":1788427896790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3257,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is associated with neural abnormalities in emotional processing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explored whether these abnormalities underlie risk for depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared the neural responses of volunteers who were at high and low-risk for the development of depression (by virtue of high and low neuroticism scores; high-N group and low-N group respectively) during the presentation of fearful and happy faces using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high-N group demonstrated linear increases in response in the right fusiform gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus to expressions of increasing fear, whereas the low-N group demonstrated the opposite effect. The high-N group also displayed greater responses in the right amygdala, cerebellum, left middle frontal and bilateral parietal gyri to medium levels of fearful <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>. happy expressions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk for depression is associated with enhanced neural responses to fearful facial expressions similar to those observed in acute depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.047993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,30]],"date-time":"2009-01-30T22:41:19Z","timestamp":1233355279000},"page":"139-145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Risk for depression and neural responses to fearful facial expressions of emotion"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Stella W. Y.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Norbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy M.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Harmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref26","volume-title":"Pictures of Facial Affect","author":"Ekman","year":"1976"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref34","volume-title":"Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain: Three-dimensional Proportional System","author":"Talairach","year":"1988"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.18.2.212"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.11.017"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.104.6.934"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01020-9"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.4.599"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00063-1"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06111917"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.64"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.12.018"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref39","article-title":"Emotional conflict and neuroticism: personality-dependent activation in the amygdala and subgenual anterior cingulate","volume":"121","author":"Baas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301212"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.023"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.9.877"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460010306"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2003.11.030"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref25","volume-title":"STAI Manual","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.10.1113"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199910000-00002"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.06.011"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref8","article-title":"A differential pattern of neural responses toward sad versus happy facial expressions in major depressive disorder","volume":"57","author":"Surgladze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.035"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01330-0"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00171-9"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.2.318"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref15","article-title":"The prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model","volume":"150","author":"Kendler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref19","volume-title":"Structural Clinical Interview for the DSM\u2013IV (SCID\u2013I\/P), Version II","author":"Spitzer","year":"1995"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707000669"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(85)90026-1"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref22","volume-title":"National Adult Reading Test (NART) Test Manual","author":"Nelson","year":"1982"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-0277(97)00003-6"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0931"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref35","volume-title":"Bayesian Shape and Appearance Models","author":"Patenaude","year":"2007"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35072584"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref44","volume-title":"Altered Egos: How the Brain Creates the Self","author":"Feinberg","year":"2001"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref17","article-title":"Recognition accuracy and response bias to happy and sad facial expressions in patients with major depression","volume":"18","author":"Surgladze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5422.1979"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.112660399"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(01)00179-9"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300004"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000654"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.10.015"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref23","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale \u2013 Revised (WAIS\u2013R) Manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"1981"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref18","article-title":"Distributed and interactive brain mechanisms during emotion face perception: evidence from functional neuroimaging","volume":"45","author":"Vuilleumier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01263-X"},{"key":"S000712500023657X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(92)90116-K"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S000712500023657X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T20:39:28Z","timestamp":1556656768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S000712500023657X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S000712500023657X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.047993","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}}}