{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1768171763254,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3137,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Naltrexone has considerable potential in helping to prevent relapse in heroin dependency. A longer-lasting formulation for naltrexone treatment is desirable to further reduce non-adherence and relapse during treatment of opiate dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a 6-month naltrexone implant in reducing opioid use after in-patient treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A group of 56 abstinence-oriented patients who completed in-patient treatment for opioid dependence were randomly and openly assigned to receive either a 6-month naltrexone implant or their usual aftercare. Drug use and other outcomes were assessed at 6-month follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients receiving naltrexone had on average 45 days less heroin use and 60 days less opioid use than controls in the 180-day period (both<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Blood tests showed naltrexone levels above 1 ng\/ml for the duration of 6 months. Two patients died, neither of whom had received an implant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Naltrexone implant treatment safely and significantly reduces opioid use in a motivated population of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.055319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T01:53:19Z","timestamp":1243561999000},"page":"541-546","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Naltrexone implants after in-patient treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Nikolaj","family":"Kun\u2298e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Lobmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John K\u00e5re","family":"Vederhus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u2298rg","family":"Hjerkinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solfrid","family":"Hegstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gossop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8istein","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Waal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000245566.52401.20"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1617"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00227.x"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230600868512"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/32.5.364"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa7002_11"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref25","volume-title":"Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref24","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn) (DSM\u2013IV)","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000097935"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092115"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02122.x"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref18","article-title":"[Naltrexone implants \u2013 a pilot project.]","volume":"123","author":"Waal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-2-35"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210310001646402"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621031000117446"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210220139541"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.210"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.16.8.1285"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref7","article-title":"[Use of naltrexone in the treatment of young drug addicts.]","volume":"123","author":"Waal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123493.x","article-title":"A pilot study of naltrexone-accelerated detoxification in opioid dependence","volume":"171","author":"Bell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref4","article-title":"Naltrexone: a clinical perspective","volume":"45","author":"Greenstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490500528464"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref2","first-page":"CD001333","article-title":"Oral naltrexone maintenance treatment for opioid dependence","volume":"1","author":"Minozzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210410001674103"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref1","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of naltrexone treatment of opiate-dependent individuals. Report of the National Research Council Committee on Clinical Evaluation of Narcotic Antagonists","volume":"35","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2007.06.007"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.02.009"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230096138","article-title":"The association between naltrexone compliance and daily supervision","volume":"19","author":"Hulse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref26","article-title":"EUROPASI: European adaptation of a multidimensional assessment instrument for drug and alcohol dependence","volume":"1","author":"Kotkevi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Addict Res"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jcp.0b013e31814ce50d"},{"key":"S0007125000006887_ref10","first-page":"CD006140","article-title":"Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence","volume":"2","author":"Lobmaier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000006887","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T10:16:28Z","timestamp":1633515388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000006887\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000006887"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.055319","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}