{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:57:18Z","timestamp":1791388638732,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3015,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twin data permit decomposition of comorbidity into genetically and environmentally derived correlations. No previous twin study includes all major forms of anxiety disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the degree to which genetic and environmental risk factors are shared rather than unique to dimensionally scored panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, phobias, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data obtained from 2801 young-adult Norwegian twins by means of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were analysed with the Mx program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A multivariate common factor model fitted best. The latent liability to all anxiety disorders was substantially more heritable (54%) than the individual disorders (23% to 40%). Most of the genetic effect was common to the disorders. Genes contributed just over 50% to the covariance between liabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The five anxiety disorders all share genetic and environmental risk factors. This has implications for the revision of the anxiety disorder section in DSM\u2013V.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.059485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]],"date-time":"2009-09-30T19:33:54Z","timestamp":1254339234000},"page":"301-307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for dimensional representations of DSM\u2013IV anxiety disorders"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Kristian","family":"Tambs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Czajkowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"R\u2298ysamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Neale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Reichborn-Kjennerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Aggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ragnhild E.","family":"\u2298rstavik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.8.6.609"},{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref37","article-title":"A twin study of the common vulnerability between heightened sensitivity to hypercapnia and panic disorder","volume":"147B","author":"Battaglia","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B (Neuropsychiatr Genet)"},{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-006-0284-3"},{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2003.10.001"},{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref30","volume-title":"Diagnostic Issues in Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Refining the Research Agenda for DSM\u2013V","author":"Hettema","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008429"},{"key":"S0007125000250496_ref22","volume-title":"Prelis 2. 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