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The forthcoming parallel development of DSM\u2013V and ICD\u201311 offers an opportunity to harmonise the two classifications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper aims to facilitate the harmonisation process by identifying diagnostic differences between the two systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>DSM\u2013IV\u2013TR criteria sets and the ICD\u201310 Diagnostic Criteria for Research were compared and categorised into those with identical definitions, those with conceptually based differences and those in which differences are not conceptually based and appear to be unintentional.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 176 criteria sets in both systems, only one, transient tic disorder, is identical. Twenty-one per cent had conceptually based differences and 78% had non-conceptually based differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Harmonisation of criteria sets, especially those with non-conceptually based differences, should be prioritised in the DSM\u2013V and ICD\u201311 development process. Prior experience with the DSM\u2013IV and ICD\u201310 harmonisation effort suggests that for the process to be successful steps should be taken as early as possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.060822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:28:54Z","timestamp":1257035334000},"page":"382-390","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Harmonisation of ICD\u201311 and DSM\u2013V: opportunities and challenges"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Michael B.","family":"First","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080022"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref62","volume-title":"The ICD\u201310 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Diagnostic Criteria for Research","year":"1993"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000285078"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83295-6"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.5.379"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970009150584"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1874"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.1.30"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00151-4"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.439"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref21","article-title":"The validity of the diagnosis of melancholic depression according to different diagnostic systems","volume":"54","author":"Turkcapar","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)90145-7"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01590.x"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03764.x"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.028845"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988706291083"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000029060"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2005.03.003"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.02220.x"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050289"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00197-6"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref46","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Research Agenda for DSM\u2013V","author":"Rounsaville","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31813c6b6c"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065128"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01784.x"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref35","article-title":"Diagnostics discrepancies between ICD\u201310 and DSM\u2013IV in personality disorders","volume":"33","author":"Perez Urdaniz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Actas Esp Psuquiatr"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065124"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712043372306"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01420.x"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702005408"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.20.2526"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00558.x"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.46.020195.001005"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065123"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref30","article-title":"Agreement between DSM\u2013III, DSM\u2013III-R, DSM\u2013IV and ICD\u201310 alcohol diagnoses in US community-sample heavy drinkers","volume":"91","author":"Hasin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"S0007125000250848_ref49","article-title":"Comparability of the clinical diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia: a critical review. 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