{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1791264524166,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2072,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J\n                        Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increasing rates of prescriptions for antidepressants, antipsychotics and\n                           stimulants have been reported from various countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine trends in prescriptions and the costs of all classes of\n                           psychiatric medication in England.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Prescription Cost Analysis 1998\u20132010 was examined, using\n                           linear regression analysis to examine trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescriptions of drugs used for mental disorders increased by 6.8% (95%\n                           CI 6.3\u20137.4) per year on average, in line with other drugs, but made up an\n                           increasing proportion of all prescription drug costs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                           = 0.001). There were rising trends in prescriptions of all classes of\n                           psychiatric drugs, except anxiolytics and hypnotics (which did not\n                           change). Antidepressant prescriptions increased by 10% (95% CI 9.0\u201311)\n                           per year on average, and antipsychotics by 5.1% (95% CI 4.3\u20135.9).\n                           Antipsychotics overtook antidepressants as the most costly class of\n                           psychiatric medication, with costs rising 22% (95% CI 17\u201327) per\n                           year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rising prescriptions may be partly explained by longer-term treatment and\n                           increasing population. Nevertheless, it appears that psychiatric drugs\n                           make an increasing contribution to total prescription drug costs, with\n                           antipsychotics becoming the most costly. Low-dose prescribing of some\n                           antipsychotics is consistent with other evidence that their use may not\n                           be restricted to those with severe mental illness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.104257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,23]],"date-time":"2012-03-23T12:00:51Z","timestamp":1332504051000},"page":"393-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Trends in prescriptions and costs of drugs for mental disorders\n                        in England, 1998\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Moncrieff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref18","volume-title":"Inflation Calculator"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-007-0401-6"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.9.1032"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref10","volume-title":"The Use of Medicines in the United States: Review of 2010","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref30","unstructured":"Herper M. Antipsychotic prescribed as sleeping pill. Forbes.com, 2004 (http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/2004\/09\/08\/cx_mh_0908seroquel.html)."},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e328340c0de"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref32","first-page":"17","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and newer hypnotics","volume":"15","year":"2005","journal-title":"MeReC Bulletin"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.109.028399"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903279879"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref15","volume-title":"British National Formulary","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1944"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref19","volume-title":"Thiroidazine: Restricted Indicationand New Warnings on Cardio-toxicity","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.81"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181d3cb04"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DHPS.S21079"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01425.x"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref13","volume-title":"Data Quality (Prescription Cost Analysis)","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707299597"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref7","volume-title":"Call to curb rising NHS drug bill.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref8","unstructured":"Cunningham PW. Prescription drugs debate continues on Capitol Hill. Washington Times 2011; 21 July."},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.24.1.195"},{"key":"S0007125000271262_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Hert M , Detraux J , van Winkel R , Yu W , Correll CU. Metabolic and cardiovascular adverse effects associated with antipsychotic drugs. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; Oct 18. 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