{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:57:05Z","timestamp":1789037825459,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1431,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J\n                        Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Research into the relationship between gender identity disorder and\n                           psychiatric problems has shown contradictory results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate psychiatric problems in adults fulfilling DSM-IVTR\n                           criteria for a diagnosis of gender identity disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were collected within the European Network for the Investigation of\n                           Gender Incongruence using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric\n                           Interview \u2013 Plus and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II\n                           Disorders (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 305).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 38% of the individuals with gender identity disorder a current\n                           DSM-IV-TR Axis I diagnosis was found, mainly affective disorders and\n                           anxiety disorders. Furthermore, almost 70% had a current and lifetime\n                           diagnosis. All four countries showed a similar prevalence, except for\n                           affective and anxiety disorders, and no difference was found between\n                           individuals with early-onset and late-onset disorder. An Axis II\n                           diagnosis was found in 15% of all individuals with gender identity\n                           disorder, which is comparable to the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with gender identity disorder show more psychiatric problems than\n                           the general population; mostly affective and anxiety problems are\n                           found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.121954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,3]],"date-time":"2014-02-03T03:28:01Z","timestamp":1391398081000},"page":"151-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Psychiatric characteristics in transsexual individuals:\n                        multicentre study in four European countries"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Gunter","family":"Heylens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Els","family":"Elaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baudewijntje P. C.","family":"Kreukels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muirne C. S.","family":"Paap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Cerwenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hertha","family":"Richter-Appelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peggy T.","family":"Cohen-Kettenis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira R.","family":"Haraldsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Griet","family":"De Cuypere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.6.590"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA7502_7"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref34","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders in Europe: results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD)","volume":"420","author":"Alonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.024"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-0002-3"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890802108022"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.2.261"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.7.1091"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-009-9114-6"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.10.023"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02066.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.152.4.550"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024517302481"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.01.008"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4805_9"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref23","article-title":"Prevalence of pure and comorbid mental disorders in Belgium","volume":"58","author":"Bruffaerts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev Med Liege"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9532-4"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref40","volume-title":"Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen 2008.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref19","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2000"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9307-8"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542666"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2010.02118.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.102004276.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb09986.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03467.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2010.04.009"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2011.534038"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1992.6.3.187"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.02142.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref22","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II).","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1995.tb09763.x"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref3","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity of gender identity disorders: a survey among Dutch psychiatrists","volume":"160","author":"A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.08.010"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15532730903383781"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016885"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199702000-00017"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref21","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001399"},{"key":"S000712500027551X_ref25","first-page":"27","article-title":"Prevalence of mental disorders, and trends from 1996 to 2009; results from NEMESIS-2","volume":"54","author":"De Graaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tijdschr Psychiatr"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S000712500027551X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,22]],"date-time":"2019-04-22T20:20:32Z","timestamp":1555964432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S000712500027551X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S000712500027551X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.121954","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}