{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:32:17Z","timestamp":1791484337183,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1462,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorder are heritable but aetiologically complex. Although environment plays a role in their development, existing studies of non-genetic risk factors are inconsistent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association between pre- and perinatal exposures and Tourette syndrome\/chronic tic disorder in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective longitudinal pre-birth cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relationships between exposures and Tourette syndrome\/chronic tic disorder were examined in 6090 children using logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal alcohol and cannabis use, inadequate maternal weight gain and parity were associated with Tourette syndrome or Tourette syndrome\/chronic tic disorder. Other previously reported exposures, including birth weight and prenatal maternal smoking, were not associated with Tourette syndrome\/chronic tic disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study supports previously reported relationships between Tourette syndrome\/chronic tic disorder and prenatal alcohol exposure, and identifies additional previously unexplored potential prenatal risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.125468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T03:11:59Z","timestamp":1385089919000},"page":"40-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Association between pre- and perinatal exposures and Tourette syndrome or chronic tic disorder in the ALSPAC cohort"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Carol A.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah M.","family":"Scharf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corrie","family":"Macdonald-Wallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debbie A.","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben-Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000275156_ref7","first-page":"273","article-title":"Epigenetic and environmental risk factors in Tourette syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Walkup","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"S0007125000275156_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181cc7cbc"},{"key":"S0007125000275156_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199407000-00004"},{"key":"S0007125000275156_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller LL Scharf JM Mathews CA Ben-Shlomo Y Tourette Syndrome and chronic tic disorder are associated with lower socio-economic status: findings from the ALSPAC cohort. 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