{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:43:44Z","timestamp":1781811824182,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1128,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>People with intellectual disabilities have a high risk of osteoporosis and fractures, which could partly be as a result of vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 155 patients with intellectual disabilities under psychiatric care and 192 controls, investigate potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in people with intellectual disabilities and assess available treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional observational study followed by treatment evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost twice as many patients with intellectual disabilities had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D &lt;50 nmol\/l) compared with controls (77.3%<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>39.6%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001). In the intellectual disabilities group, winter season (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001), dark skin pigmentation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001), impaired mobility (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.002) and obesity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.001) were independently associated with lower serum 25(OH)D. In most patients, 800 IU colecalciferol daily normalised 25(OH)D levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities, partly because of insufficient exposure to sunlight. Screening and treatment strategies, aiming to reduce these patients' high fracture risk, should be introduced. Similar strategies may be required in other psychiatric populations at risk for fractures and with a tendency to spend excessive time indoors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.143511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T04:16:55Z","timestamp":1411705015000},"page":"458-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in patients with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, risk factors and management strategies"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Frighi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Morovat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina V.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy M.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref28","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplements on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"383","author":"Reid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1708-0"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602357"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.05.015"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60588-0"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0307"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6185.303"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref32","first-page":"88","article-title":"Low serum vitamin D concentrations in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Itzhaky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref9","article-title":"Risk of fractures in an intermediate care facility for persons with mental retardation","volume":"93","author":"Tannenbaum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref10","article-title":"Fracture epidemiology and control in a developmental center","volume":"170","author":"Lohiya","year":"1999","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref2","article-title":"Vitamin D and people with intellectual disability","volume":"37","author":"Vanlint","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00841.x"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744629506062274"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref8","article-title":"Prevalence of fractures in women with intellectual disabilities: a chart review","volume":"5","author":"Schrager","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2010.01346.x"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.1998.00156.x","article-title":"Age-related fractures in people with intellectual disability and epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Jancar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref13","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D.","year":"2010"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref14","volume-title":"Vitamin D and bone health: a practical clinical guideline for patient management.","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2009.01218.x"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085670"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0185-z"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-2-373"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-38"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1195"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013000359"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11004.x"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.80"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0650-y"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref26","volume-title":"Alendronate, Etidronate, Risedronate, Raloxifene, Strontium Ranelate and Teriparatide for the Secondary Prevention of Osteoporotic Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women.","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref30","volume-title":"The Care of Patients with Fragility Fractures.","year":"2007"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109617"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.107.019109"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.036"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.01.013"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328355e1ac"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13894501113146660231"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref27","volume-title":"Vitamin D \u2013 Advice On Supplements for at Risk Groups.","year":"2012"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.06.015"},{"key":"S0007125000278458_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1940-y"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0007125000278458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T23:40:08Z","timestamp":1717371608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0007125000278458\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0007125000278458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.143511","relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1250","1472-1465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1250","type":"print"},{"value":"1472-1465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}}}