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Cocaine users further showed increased dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) activation relative to pathological gamblers during perseveration, and decreased dorsolateral PFC activation relative to pathological gamblers and controls during shifting. Preliminary genetic findings indicated that cocaine users carrying the <jats:italic>DRD2\/ANKK<\/jats:italic> Taq1A1+ genotype may derive unique stimulatory effects on shifting-related ventrolateral PFC signal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reduced ventrolateral PFC activation during shifting may constitute a common neural marker across gambling and cocaine addictions. Additional cocaine-related effects relate to a wider pattern of task-related dysregulation, reflected in signal abnormalities in dorsolateral and dmPFC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.152223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,5]],"date-time":"2015-06-05T00:32:39Z","timestamp":1433464359000},"page":"158-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in cocaine and gambling 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