{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:48:27Z","timestamp":1780116507326,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":854,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is a particular problem in older people and it is important to know how it affects and is affected by smoking cessation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between smoking cessation and depression among older smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Across four waves, covering six years (2002\u20132008), changes in smoking status and depression, measured using the 8-item Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, were assessed among recent ex-smokers and smokers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2375) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In latent growth curve analysis, smoking at baseline predicted depression caseness longitudinally and vice versa. When both processes were modelled concurrently, depression predicted continued smoking longitudinally (B(\u03b2) = 0.21 (0.27); 95% CI = 0.08\u20130.35) but not the other way round. This was the case irrespective of mental health history and adjusting for a range of covariates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In older smokers, depression appears to act as an important barrier to quitting, although quitting has no long-term impact on depression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.153494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,21]],"date-time":"2015-05-21T20:30:52Z","timestamp":1432240252000},"page":"243-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Reciprocal associations between smoking cessation and depression in older smokers: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Lion","family":"Shahab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Gilchrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Hagger-Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0007125000239147_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12009"},{"key":"S0007125000239147_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.02.004"},{"key":"S0007125000239147_ref29","volume-title":"Mplus User's Guide. 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