{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:21:22Z","timestamp":1775197282992,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":732,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aetiological boundary between obsessive\u2013compulsive related disorders (OCRDs) including obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders is unclear and continues to generate debate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the genetic overlap and the pattern of causal relationships among OCRDs and anxiety disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariate twin modelling methods and a new regression analysis to infer causation were used, involving 2495 male and female twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The amount of common genetic liability observed for OCD symptoms was higher when considering anxiety disorders and OCRDs in the model<jats:italic>v.<\/jats:italic>modelling OCRD symptoms alone. OCD symptoms emerged as risk factors for the presence of generalised anxiety, panic and hoarding symptoms, whereas social phobia appeared as a risk factor for OCD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>OCD represents a complex phenotype that includes important shared features with anxiety disorders and OCRDs. 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