{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:43:57Z","timestamp":1790815437979,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":732,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J\n                        Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiac vagal tone, indexed by heart rate variability (HRV), is a proxy\n                           for the functional integrity of feedback mechanisms integrating central\n                           and peripheral physiology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify differences in HRV in individuals with schizophrenia compared\n                           with healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Databases were systematically searched for studies eligible for\n                           inclusion. Random effect meta-analyses of standardised mean differences\n                           were calculated for vagal activity indicated by high-frequency HRV and\n                           the root mean square of successive R\u2013R interval differences (RMSSD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-four studies were included. Significant main effects were found\n                           for high-frequency HRV (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0008; Hedges'\n                              <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> =\u20130.98, 95% CI \u22121.56 to \u22120.41, <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> =\n                           29) and RMSSD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001; <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> =\u20130.91,\n                           95% CI \u22121.19 to \u22120.62, <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic> = 24), indicating lower vagal\n                           activity in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy controls.\n                           Considerable heterogeneity was evident but effects were robust in\n                           subsequent sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the association between low HRV, threat processing, emotion\n                           regulation and executive functioning, reduced vagal tone may be an\n                           endophenotype for the development of psychotic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.160762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,4]],"date-time":"2016-01-04T04:27:35Z","timestamp":1451881655000},"page":"9-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Resting vagal activity in schizophrenia: Meta-analysis of heart\n                        rate variability as a potential endophenotype"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Annika","family":"Clamor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania M.","family":"Lincoln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian 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