{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T18:49:54Z","timestamp":1774896594352,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":701,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Br J\n                        Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously reported that patients with early-stage bipolar disorder,\n                           but not healthy comparison controls, had body mass index (BMI)-related\n                           volume reductions in limbic brain areas, suggesting that the structural\n                           brain changes characteristic of bipolar disorder were more pronounced\n                           with increased weight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether the most consistently reported neurochemical\n                           abnormality in bipolar disorder, increased glutamate\/glutamine (Glx), was\n                           also more prominent with higher BMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure\n                           hippocampal Glx in 51 patients with first-episode mania (mean BMI = 24.1)\n                           and 28 healthy controls (mean BMI = 23.3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients, but not healthy controls, linear regression demonstrated\n                           that higher BMI predicted greater Glx. Factorial ANCOVA showed a\n                           significant BMI\u00d7diagnosis interaction, confirming a distinct effect of\n                           weight on Glx in patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Together with our volumetric studies, these results suggest that higher\n                           BMI is associated with more pronounced structural and neurochemical\n                           limbic brain changes in bipolar disorder, even in early-stage patients\n                           with low obesity rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.163360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T16:22:55Z","timestamp":1452529375000},"page":"146-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Relationship between body mass index and hippocampal\n                        glutamate\/glutamine in bipolar 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