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Eligible studies included a sample diagnosed with bipolar disorder, a comparison sample and a quantitative measure of childhood adversity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 19 eligible studies childhood adversity was 2.63 times (95% CI 2.00\u20133.47) more likely to have occurred in bipolar disorder compared with non-clinical controls. The effect of emotional abuse was particularly robust (OR = 4.04, 95% CI 3.12\u20135.22), but rates of adversity were similar to those in psychiatric controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood adversity is associated with bipolar disorder, which has implications for the treatment of this clinical group. 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