{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:48:13Z","timestamp":1782492493416,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,2]],"date-time":"2018-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":307,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypomanic symptoms may be a useful predictor of mood disorder among young people at high risk for bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether hypomanic symptoms differentiate offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (high risk) and offspring of well parents (control) and predict the development of mood episodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>High-risk and control offspring were prospectively assessed using semi-structured clinical interviews annually and completed the Hypomania Checklist-32 Revised (HCL-32). Clinically significant sub-threshold hypomanic symptoms (CSHS) were coded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HCL-32 total and active or elated scores were higher in control compared with high-risk offspring, whereas 14% of high-risk and 0% of control offspring had CSHS. High-risk offspring with CSHS had a fivefold increased risk of developing recurrent major depression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.0002). The median onset of CSHS in high-risk offspring was 16.4 (6\u201331) years and was before the onset of major mood episodes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CSHS are precursors to major mood episodes in high-risk offspring and could identify individuals at ultra-high risk for developing bipolar disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.116.004234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T00:10:28Z","timestamp":1489623028000},"page":"71-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The association between self-reported and clinically determined hypomanic symptoms and the onset of major mood disorders"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sarah 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