{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T01:24:05Z","timestamp":1789608245281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":240,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933820000784_sec1\" sec-type=\"other\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people are under the dual pressure of interpersonal isolation and concerns about infection. An evaluation of people\u2019s psychological status and risk factors is needed to conduct target interventions.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933820000784_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This was a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study using quota and snowball sampling methods during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Participants\u2019 characteristics and experiences were obtained by an online questionnaire and telephone review. Psychological distress and sleep problems were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Insomnia Severity Index.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933820000784_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A total of 23,500 participants were recruited, and 19,372 valid questionnaires were received from 11 centers. Overall, 11.0\u201313.3% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms, and 1.9\u20132.7% had severe symptoms. The prevalence of psychological and sleep problems has increased. Working as frontline medical staff (Odds Ratio <jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03.406), living in Hubei Province (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02.237), close contacts with COVID-19 (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.808), and age 35\u201349\u00a0years (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.310) were risk factors for anxiety symptoms; no outside activity for 2\u00a0weeks (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02.167) and age 35\u201349\u00a0years (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.198) were risk factors for depression symptoms; and living in Hubei Province (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02.376), no outside activity for 2\u00a0weeks (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.927), and age 35\u201349\u00a0years (<jats:italic>OR<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.262) were risk factors for insomnia symptoms. Only 1.9% of participants received counseling during the epidemic.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933820000784_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions.<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Psychological and sleep problems increased during interpersonal isolation due to COVID-19. Current psychological interventions are far from sufficient.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T08:57:33Z","timestamp":1598605053000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Psychological distress and sleep problems when people are under interpersonal isolation during an epidemic: A nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5914-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5236-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiting","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-182X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933820000784_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000471"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2016.1259533"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5250"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-020-00619-2"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.04.019"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2013-010440"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2720-y"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.04.043"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25706"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy084"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152150"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.10.25.1"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-019-1017-0"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0852"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r11","first-page":"200","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a generalized anxiety scale in general hospital outpatients","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry."},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy677"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.10.22.3"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.05.026"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpem-2018-0408"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030371"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.10.006"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12063"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400504"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.2017.1297667"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"S0924933820000784_r6","unstructured":"[6] National-Health-Committee-of-the-People's-Republic-of-China. 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