{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:45:48Z","timestamp":1787021148456,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S092493382000098X_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Good reading skills are important for appropriate functioning in everyday life, scholastic performance, and acquiring a higher socioeconomic status. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify possible deficits in specific reading skills in people with a variety of mental illnesses, including personality disorders (PDs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S092493382000098X_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic search of multiple databases from inception until February 2020 and conducted random-effects meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S092493382000098X_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The search yielded 34 studies with standardized assessments of reading skills in people with one or more mental illnesses. Of these, 19 studies provided data for the meta-analysis. Most studies (\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a027; meta-analysis,\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a017) were in people with schizophrenia and revealed large deficits in phonological processing (Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.88,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001), comprehension (Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.96,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.00001) and reading rate (Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.22,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002), relative to healthy controls; the single-word reading was less affected (Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.70,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.00001). A few studies in affective disorders and nonforensic PDs suggested weaker deficits (for all, Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a0\u22120.60). In forensic populations with PDs, there was evidence of marked phonological processing (Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.85,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and comprehension deficits (Hedge\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S092493382000098X_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with schizophrenia, and possibly forensic PD populations, demonstrate a range of reading skills deficits. Future studies are needed to establish how these deficits directly compare to those seen in developmental or acquired dyslexia and to explore the potential of dyslexia interventions to improve reading skills in these populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.98","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T04:05:17Z","timestamp":1604376317000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Reading skills deficits in people with mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1329-7566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Vanova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1289-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Aldridge-Waddon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3732-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignazio","family":"Puzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9635-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veena","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"S092493382000098X_r88","volume-title":"Wide Range Achievement Test, Fifth Edition (WRAT5)","author":"Robertson","year":"2017"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.296"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r90","volume-title":"Manual for the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV)","author":"Hart","year":"1995"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r52","volume-title":"Reading comprehension battery for aphasia","author":"LaPointe","year":"1979"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00857.x"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2012.723316"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2006.00531.x"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181ea4e43"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-020-00114-3"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.811"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r49","volume-title":"The Nelson-Denny reading test","author":"Brown","year":"1993"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r83","volume-title":"Review manager (RevMan)","year":"2014"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r31","volume-title":"Ordavkodning: m\u00e4tning av fonologisk och ortografisk ordavkod- ningsf\u00f6rm\u00e5ga [Word decoding, phonological and orthographic decoding ability]","author":"Olofsson","year":"1994"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207459309024108"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.22.2.147"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06278.x"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r34","volume-title":"DUVAN, dyslexiscreening f\u00f6r unga och vuxna [DUVAN, dyslexia screening for adults]","author":"Lundberg","year":"2003"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r43","volume-title":"Iowa tests of educational development","author":"Forsyth","year":"2001"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700002609"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.6.1428"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9924(89)90019-1"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.11.023"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.06.022"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(92)90087-U"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52669-6"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-3802.2012.01262.x"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000082185.26868.dc"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-08-043076-7\/01559-X"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r69","volume-title":"Wide range achievement test","author":"Jastak","year":"1978"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480410005936"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1183"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2014.935297"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r82","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X07300268"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2014.994031"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2012.09.006"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2015.1121866"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroling.2010.07.006"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.50.2.262"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r35","volume-title":"The Corsini encyclopedia of psychology","author":"Mather","year":"2010"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r86","volume-title":"Wide range achievement test-revised","author":"Jastek","year":"1984"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612466268"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.3.470"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(92)90128-2"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r79","volume-title":"Modified battery for the assessment of syntactic comprehension","author":"Caplan","year":"1992"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r25","volume-title":"L\u00e4skedjor manual [Manual for word reading chains]","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r75","volume-title":"Alouette-R","author":"Lefavrais","year":"2006"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.1495"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.032"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.030"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r23","volume-title":"Comprehensive test of phonological processing (Examiner\u2019s manual)","author":"Wagner","year":"1999"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r48","volume-title":"Neale analysis of reading ability\/Marie D. Neale","author":"Neale","year":"1999"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.101.2.192"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022534527021"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028062"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2015.1037329"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.11.025"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.2004.00173.x"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jecp.1999.2540"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r55","first-page":"1996","volume-title":"Normalisering of Madison test -1996 [Normalizing of the tests of Madison 1993\u20131996]","author":"Madison","year":"1993"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.06.049"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13091196"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r29","volume-title":"PALPA-P: assessment tests of language and aphasia","author":"Castro","year":"2007"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r56","volume-title":"L\u00e4sdiagnoser och l\u00e4stekniska \u00f6vningar med skriv\u00f6vningar [Reading diagnoses and reading and writing practices]","author":"Madison","year":"1985"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r67","volume-title":"Test of word reading efficiency","author":"Torgesen","year":"1999"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199207000-00003"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r84","volume-title":"Wide range achievement test 3","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1993"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(03)00139-5"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r78","volume-title":"The Fisher-Logemann test of articulation competence","author":"Fisher","year":"1971"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4204.498"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007022"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r37","volume-title":"Woodcock reading mastery tests \u2014 revised","author":"Woodcock","year":"1998"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r50","volume-title":"Peabody individual achievement tests","author":"Dunn","year":"1970"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbj002"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-008043642-5\/50019-X"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r64","first-page":"433","article-title":"Rapid assessment of literacy levels of adult primary care patients","volume":"23","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.04.024"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2007.09.010"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.09.006"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.05.010"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r53","volume-title":"Reading comprehension battery for aphasia: RCBA-2","author":"LaPointe","year":"1998"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r87","volume-title":"Multilingual aphasia examination","author":"Benton","year":"1976"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01421.x"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617799555070"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r42","volume-title":"Iowa tests of basic skills","author":"Hoover","year":"1996"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r5","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Reading: its nature and development","author":"Judd","year":"1918"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230590905272"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400699337.0009","volume-title":"A portrait of the Israeli soldier","author":"Gal","year":"1986"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r57","volume-title":"Wide Range Achievement Test, Fourth Edition (WRAT-4)","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2006"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039434"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.33.6.934"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11881-003-0001-9"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X14545608"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r61","volume-title":"Luria\u2019s neuropsychological investigation","author":"Christensen","year":"1975"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.08.001"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r38","volume-title":"Boston diagnostic aphasia test","author":"Goodglass","year":"1972"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r51","first-page":"266","article-title":"Assessing the psychiatric patient\u2019s ability to meet the literacy demands of hospitalization","volume":"31","author":"Berg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.12.2027"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r28","volume-title":"Normalisering. Madison test - del 3 [Norm values.The Madison\u2019s test - part 3]","author":"Madison","year":"2001"},{"key":"S092493382000098X_r40","volume-title":"Gray Oral Reading Tests (GORT- 4): examiner\u2019s manual","author":"Wiederholt","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S092493382000098X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T16:59:59Z","timestamp":1723827599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S092493382000098X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"alternative-id":["S092493382000098X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.98","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"article-number":"e19"}}