{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:12:44Z","timestamp":1793301164952,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821022598_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Catatonic features can appear in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). There can be overlap in symptoms across catatonia and ASD. The overall aim of this review is to provide evidence for the presence of catatonic features in subjects with ASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821022598_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic literature search using the Web of Science database from inception to July 10, 2021 was conducted following PRISMA, MOOSE guidelines and the PROSPERO protocol. (CRD42021248615). Twelve studies with information about catatonia and ASD were reviewed. Data from a subset was used to conduct meta-analyses of the presence of catatonia in ASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821022598_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The systematic review included 12 studies, seven of which were used for the meta-analysis, comprising 969 individuals. The mean age was 21.25 (7.5) years. Two studies (16.6%) included only children and adolescents. A total of 70\u2013100% were males. Our meta-analysis showed that 10.4% (5.8\u201318.0 95%CI) of individuals with ASD have catatonia. Motor disturbances were common in ASD subjects with catatonia. No differences were found in comorbidity. Several treatments have been used in ASD with catatonic features, including benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The findings of the systematic review showed that ECT might help manage catatonic symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821022598_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Different features of catatonia can exist in individuals with ASD and core symptoms of catatonia are reported in ASD. Longitudinal and longer-term studies are required to understand the relationship between catatonia and ASD, and the response of catatonic symptoms to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T03:53:36Z","timestamp":1639540416000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Vaquerizo-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6992-0767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Salazar De Pablo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4830-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Santosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933821022598_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361308091650"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72010-9"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.7.1233"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.150352"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01779.x"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.11.1054"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72003-1"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09814.x"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.984"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0536-y"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361307070992"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.05.013"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r32","volume-title":"Software comprehensive meta-analysis (version 2)","author":"Borenstein","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181957363"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361304042722"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(96)00104-1"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01778.x"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64012-3.00025-3"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2020.03.001"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.02.012"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r5","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7304.101"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r75","volume-title":"Stahl\u2019s essential psychopharmacology neuroscientific basis and practical applications","author":"Stahl","year":"2013"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00181"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04422-6"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx157"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i4.391"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361306066564"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r21","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Catatonia in autism spectrum disorders","author":"Dhossche","year":"2006"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1210-4"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05046-0"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3182887a1a"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.674335"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e31802e3bc6"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e318165a9cf"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119870203"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329179900896X"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r45","article-title":"Assessment of attenuated behaviour [catatonia] in idiopathic and syndromic autism","author":"Hare","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.357"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12362"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-016-0069-x"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622970701287369"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r43","first-page":"100","article-title":"Risk factors of acute behavioral regression in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents with autism","volume":"19","author":"P\u00e9risse","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.9.1224","article-title":"Treatment of catatonia with low-dose lorazepam","volume":"144","author":"Greenfeld","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2005.03.012"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0b013e3181cb5f60"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72009-2"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00451"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.445"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r59","first-page":"357","article-title":"Catatonic syndrome in a general psychiatric inpatient population: frequency, clinical presentation, and response to lorazepam","volume":"51","author":"Rosebush","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-0676-x"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00035-9"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r26","unstructured":"[26] Wells, G , Shea, B , O\u2019Connell, D , Peterson, J , Welch, V , Losos, M , et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses [Internet], www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp; 2000."},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543777"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72014-6"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S147897"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(05)72002-X"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Catatonia: the ultimate yet treatable motor reaction to fear in autism","volume":"1","author":"Dhossche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710000991"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.16.2.199"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07696.x"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.07.406"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r4","volume-title":"Klinische Abhandlungen \u00fcber psychische Krankheiten: eine klinische Form psychischer Krankheit. Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein","author":"Kahlbaum","year":"1874"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198805263182102"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2010.02.001"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12980"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1574-0"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319869118"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r29","volume-title":"Applied social research methods series","author":"Lipsey","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0924933821022598_r56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/PCC.18l02411"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924933821022598","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:06:48Z","timestamp":1662077208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924933821022598\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924933821022598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.2259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"article-number":"e4"}}