{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T17:29:19Z","timestamp":1769016559275,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":123,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821000298_sec1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>New recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during delivery have changed the maternal birth experience. In this study, we investigated the mental perceived impact of PPE use during delivery on the development of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821000298_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study concerning women who delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic first lockdown period in Israel. Postpartum women were approached and asked to complete a comprehensive online questionnaire. Impact of PPE was graded on a scale of 1\u20135, and Impact of PPE \u22654 was considered high. PPD and PTSS were assessed using the EPDS and City BiTS questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821000298_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Of 421 parturients, 36 (9%) reported high Impact of PPE. Parturients with high Impact of PPE had significantly higher PPD and PTSS scores)EPDS 8.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.8 vs. 5.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.3; City BiTS 9.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010.3 vs. 5.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.8, <jats:italic>p\u00a0&lt;<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.05 for both). Following adjustment for socio-demographic and delivery confounders and fear of COVID-19 (using Fear of COVID19 scale), Impact of PPE remained positively correlated with PPD symptoms (<jats:italic>\u00df<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.103, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.029\u20131.006, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.038).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933821000298_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>When examining the risk factors for developing postpartum PTSS\u2014experiences during labor and PPE were found to be significant variables. As the use of PPE is crucial in this era of COVID-19 pandemic in order to protect both parturients and caregivers, creative measures should be taken in order to overcome the communication gap it poses.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2021.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T08:59:13Z","timestamp":1620118753000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The use of personal protective equipment as an independent factor for developing depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the postpartum period"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2618-5448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadar","family":"Gluska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noga","family":"Shiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rawan","family":"Daher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lior","family":"Elyasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nofar","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya Sharon","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadas","family":"Miremberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Kovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tal","family":"Biron-Shental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liat","family":"Helpman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6887-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinat","family":"Gabbay-Benziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933821000298_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2020.0161"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r17","first-page":"481","article-title":"Assessment of nonverbal communication in the patient\u2013physician interview","volume":"12","author":"Larsen","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Fam Pract."},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r28","first-page":"51","article-title":"Patient-centered care","volume":"1","author":"Kusnanto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev Primary Care Pract Edu"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2016.04.014"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0582-4"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100155"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181b21651"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r25","first-page":"620","article-title":"Use of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to identify postpartum depression in a clinical setting","volume":"39","author":"Schaper","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Reprod Med."},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2020-0182"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r12","first-page":"30280","article-title":"Pregnant women voice their concerns and birth expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy","author":"Ravaldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113100"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00409"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1835"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-3709"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2008017"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01726"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r27","volume-title":"Perinatal mental health: a guide to the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS)","author":"Cox","year":"2003"},{"key":"S0924933821000298_r3","unstructured":"[3] Hamel, L , Kearney, A , Kirzinger, A , Lopes, L , Mu\u00f1ana, C , Brodie, M. 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