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Currently, clinical diagnosis rarely occurs before school-age, despite behavioral signs of ADHD in very early childhood. There is no known brain biomarker for ADHD risk in children ages 2\u20133\u00a0years-old.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933822023252_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The current study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) associated with ADHD risk in 70 children aged 2.5 and 3.5\u00a0years via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in bilateral frontal and parietal cortices; regions involved in attentional and goal-directed cognition. Children were instructed to passively watch videos for approximately 5\u00a0min. Risk for ADHD in each child was assessed via maternal symptoms of ADHD, and brain data was evaluated for FC.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933822023252_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Higher risk for maternal ADHD was associated with lower FC in a left-sided parieto-frontal network. Further, the interaction between sex and risk for ADHD was significant, where FC reduction in a widespread bilateral parieto-frontal network was associated with higher risk in male, but not female, participants.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933822023252_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>These findings suggest functional organization differences in the parietal\u2013frontal network in toddlers at risk for ADHD; potentially advancing the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the development of ADHD.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2022.2325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T06:58:28Z","timestamp":1665644308000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Assessing the relationship between maternal risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and functional connectivity in their biological 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