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Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933823000251_sec1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>There is increasing evidence for cognitive function to be negatively impacted by COVID-19. There is, however, limited research evaluating cognitive function pre- and post-COVID-19 using objective measures.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933823000251_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We examined processing speed, attention, working memory, executive function and memory in adults (\u226469\u00a0years) with a history of COVID-19 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0129, none acutely unwell), compared to those with no known history of COVID-19 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a093). We also examined cognitive changes in a sub-group of COVID (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a030) and non-COVID (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a033) participants, compared to their pre-COVID-19 pandemic level.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933823000251_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Cross-sectionally, the COVID group showed significantly larger intra-individual variability in processing speed, compared to the non-COVID group. The COVID sub-group also showed significantly larger intra-individual variability in processing speed, compared to their pre-COVID level; no significant change occurred in non-COVID participants over the same time scale. Other cognitive indices were not significantly impacted in the cross-sectional or within-subjects investigations, but participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020) who had needed hospitalisation due to COVID-19 showed poor attention and executive function relative to those who had not required hospitalisation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0109). Poor health and long-COVID symptoms correlated with poor cognitive function across domains in the COVID group.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933823000251_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The findings indicate a limited cognitive impact of COVID-19 with only intra-individual variability in processing speed being significantly impacted in an adult UK sample. However, those who required hospitalisation due to COVID-19 severity and\/or experience long-COVID symptoms display multifaceted cognitive impairment and may benefit from repeated cognitive assessments and remediation efforts.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T02:55:19Z","timestamp":1683860119000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["COVID-19 and cognitive function: Evidence for increased processing speed variability in COVID-19 survivors and multifaceted impairment with long-COVID symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8625-1895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krupa","family":"Vakani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Ratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sandford-James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Antonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9635-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veena","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933823000251_r20","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.048"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3871"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r23","first-page":"386","article-title":"Cognitive improvements in child sexual abuse victims occur following multimodal treatment program: as measured by MyCognition quotient","volume":"7","author":"Reeson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Behav."},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0461"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2008.12.008"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r44","first-page":"288","volume-title":"Handbook of the psychology of aging","author":"Madden","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.804937"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101044"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601277.2011.559858"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m2815"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-021-00743-7"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000713"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00084-5"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.05.004"},{"key":"S0924933823000251_r14","unstructured":"[14] Office for National Statistics. 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