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However, no study has tested such theories using brief, mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI). We thus tested these theories using a 14-day MEMI versus self-monitoring app (SM) control for GAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933824017504_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0110) completed self-reports of trait mindfulness (Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), GAD severity (GAD-Questionnaire-IV), and trait perseverative cognitions (Perseverative Cognitions Questionnaire) at prerandomization, posttreatment, and 1-month follow-up (1MFU). Counterfactual mediation analyses with temporal precedence were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933824017504_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvement in pre\u2013post mindfulness domains (acceptance of emotions, describing feelings accurately, acting with awareness, judgment of inner experience, and reactivity to inner experience) predicted pre-1MFU reduction in GAD severity and pre-1MFU reduction in trait perseverative cognitions from MEMI but not SM. MEMI reduced pre\u2013post reactivity to inner experiences (but not other mindfulness domains) significantly more than SM. Only reduced pre\u2013post reactivity significantly mediated stronger efficacy of MEMI over SM on pre-1MFU reductions in GAD severity (indirect effect: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.970 [\u22125.034, \u22120.904],<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008;<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>path: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22123.313 [\u22126.350, \u22120.276],<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.033; percentage mediated: 30.5%) and trait perseverative cognitions (indirect effect: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.153 [\u22120.254, \u22120.044],<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008;<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>path: \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.145 [\u22120.260, \u22120.030],<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.014; percentage mediated: 42.7%). Other trait mindfulness domains were non-significant mediators.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S0924933824017504_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reactivity to inner experience might be a mindfulness-based intervention change mechanism and should be targeted to optimize brief MEMIs for GAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2024.1750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T06:56:35Z","timestamp":1715064995000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treatment condition as a moderator and change in trait mindfulness as a mediator of a brief mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-3173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur Hani","family":"Zainal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0873-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933824017504_r82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.12.001"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2023.102679"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01390-9"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r1","volume-title":"Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness","author":"Kabat-Zinn","year":"1990"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1690-9"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000324"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00796"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000029","article-title":"Monotonicity of effect sizes: questioning kappa-squared as mediation effect size measure","volume":"20","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.01.008"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102662"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614545216","article-title":"Mechanisms of selective attention in generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"3","author":"Yiend","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.3539"},{"key":"S0924933824017504_r56","unstructured":"[56] Mayer, M . missRanger: Fast imputation of missing values. 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