{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T08:04:58Z","timestamp":1784275498276,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Psychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101540_sec1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epidemiological evidence on the incidence and remission of anxiety and depressive disorders is limited. We estimated age- and sex-specific incidence and remission rates of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms using the illness-death model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101540_sec2\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The German National Cohort (NAKO) is a cohort of over 200,000 participants aged 19\u201374 at baseline. Prevalence of probable cases, estimated with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire data 2014\u20132019 across five regions, was related to general mortality rates and disorder-specific mortality rate ratios in the illness-death model. The partial derivative of prevalence was modeled as a function of incidence and remission, with parameters estimated via least-squares optimization through 2,000 bootstrap resamples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101540_sec3\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The highest incidence rates (per 1,000 person-years) occurred at ages 19\u201321 for anxiety symptoms: 4.07 (95% CI: 0.00\u20137.57) in women and 2.55 (0.00\u20134.94) in men; and at ages 28\u201334 for depressive symptoms: 4.41 (0.00\u20139.81) in women and 3.30 (0.00\u20137.34) in men, all in Hamburg. Remission rates (per 100 person-years) were highest at older ages. For anxiety symptoms, rates peaked at 71.8\u00a0years in women (4.10 [0.00\u201311.94]) and 64.2\u00a0years in men (3.00 [0.00\u20139.23]) in Freiburg. For depressive symptoms, the highest observed was at 74.0 years, both among women (6.61 [0.00\u201315.50] in M\u00fcnster) and men (3.58 [0.00\u201311.51] in Berlin).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S0924933826101540_sec4\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence and remission rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms can be estimated from prevalence and mortality data, revealing regional, sex-, and age-related variation. Validation with longitudinal data is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2026.10154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T11:11:13Z","timestamp":1769685073000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Applying the illness-death model to estimate the incidence and remission of severe anxiety and depressive symptoms in the German National Cohort (NAKO)"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8349-8224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chisato","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard T.","family":"Baune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of M\u00fcnster"},{"name":"University of Melbourne"},{"name":"University of Melbourne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8966-3684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of M\u00fcnster"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The German National Cohort (NAKO) Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7169-2620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Kurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralph","family":"Brinks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Witten\/Herdecke University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924933826101540_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1439"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.28023.1"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004023"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2022.903652"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r34","unstructured":"[34] R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2023."},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13682"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2015.06.012"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2021.2014152"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00890-5"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r35","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated development environment for R","year":"2024"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5651"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10985-018-9419-6"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-025-01219-8"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00454-1"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00880-7"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-023-03678-4"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r29","first-page":"5","article-title":"Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume I: The analysis of case-control studies","volume":"32","author":"Breslow","year":"1980","journal-title":"IARC Sci Publ"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118955"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2021.2011405"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00757-8"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02141-3"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9890-7"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.6.1179"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r39","first-page":"177","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of diabetes in Germany","volume":"113","author":"Tamayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1973-7"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Generalised anxiety and panic symptoms in the German National Cohort (NAKO)","author":"Erhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00359-7"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r27","unstructured":"[27] HMD. Human Mortality Database. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany), University of California, Berkeley (USA), and French Institute for Demographic Studies (France); 2022. www.mortality.org (accessed January 7, 2025)."},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r15","unstructured":"[15] Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) results; 2020. http:\/\/ghdx.healthdata.org\/gbd-results-tool (accessed February 15, 2022)."},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.082"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.06.001"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tpb.2013.11.006"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001399"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r41","volume-title":"Flexible imputation of missing data","author":"van Buuren","year":"2021"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091444"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170691"},{"key":"S0924933826101540_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12024"}],"container-title":["European Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924933826101540","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:16:13Z","timestamp":1784272573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924933826101540\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924933826101540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2026.10154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-9338","1778-3585"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-9338","type":"print"},{"value":"1778-3585","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"e23"}}